Facial prejudice Read my

BBC - Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Facial prejudice: face and personality Home TV Radio Talk Where I Live A-Z Index 27 January 2006 Accessibility help Text only Animals Prehistoric Life Human Body & Mind Space Hot Topics TV & Radio Follow-up BBC Homepage Science & Nature Homepage In Human Body & Mind : TV programmes The mind Psychology - an overview Personality and individuality Emotions and instincts Brain Intelligence and memory Mental disorders The body Brain Sex Sleep Photo competition Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! You are here: BBC > Science & Nature > Human Body & Mind > The Mind >Emotions and instincts Facial prejudice Read my face If you visit the movies much, you'll know just how full of stereotypes they are. Heroines in romantic comedies are invariably sweet-faced and girly. Male action heroes are invariably square-jawed and beetle-browed. What personality traits do we associate with masculine faces? For instance, would hard man Russell Crowe have been quite as convincing hacking his way through an arena in the film Gladiator had he been born baby-faced and weak-chinned? Professor David Perrett of the University of St Andrews thinks not. Perrett is investigating how the features of a person's face shape how we think of them. His technique of digitally manipulating faces first attracted attention four years ago, when he showed that women prefer more masculine faces during the fertile period of their menstrual cycle. Faces were made more masculine by strengthening the jawline and brows and more feminine by widening the face and raising the eyebrows. Perrett's team has found that one of the most important things that influences perceived personality is the set of features that give a face its gender. This seems to have its roots in the different personality traits we associate with men and women. The big five To test his hypotheses, Perrett is using the most widely accepted framework of human personality: the five-factor model. This consists of: Extraversion - affectionate, talkative, sociable Conscientiousness - careful, hard-working, conscientious Agreeableness - forgiving, sympathetic, warm Openness to experience - creative, original, independent Neuroticism - nervous, worrying, highly strung Volunteers rate face composites in a university computer laboratory. With this information, they created average extravert and average introvert faces from the same 15 images by using computer software to amplify some features and suppress others. These composite images were then used to transform other faces, making them either more introvert or more extravert. "A lot of the things that we're seeing in extravert and introvert faces are transient things like how likely you are to smile," says Dr Tony Little, of the Perception Lab at St Andrews. Indeed, while the withdrawn look of introvert faces is instantly recognisable, extravert faces seem to be fixed in the earliest stages of a grin. Fight club But why would such subtle facial cues have evolved? Dr Little believes they might have played an important role in physical confrontations between our ancient ancestors. "We all become highly competitive when confronting an opponent we think we can realistically beat. However, we will submit to opponents we feel are superior to us in order to avoid fighting a battle we will probably lose. Evolution is a game of survival, so it pays to know when to fight and when to run. The eyes have it. Do we really associate feminine features with kindness? Agreeableness is the personality dimension most important for social success. People who fall towards the positive pole of agreeableness are sympathetic, helpful and trusting. Those who fall towards the negative pole are uncooperative, suspicious and cynical. Perrett has found a strong link between agreeableness and femininity. "People find feminine faces, whether male or female, more agreeable. This appears to be because women are perceived as kind and soft-hearted," says Perrett. "Faces seem less agreeable to people as you make them more masculine," he adds. Therefore, men with slightly feminine facial features should be perceived as more agreeable than their macho counterparts. And women with 'cute' feminine looks should be seen as more agreeable than women with more masculine features. These assumptions might be transmitted culturally. But Perrett is working on the hunch that they are in fact instinctive reactions that have developed over the course of evolution. In the evolutionary past, our ability to recognise clues about someone's personality in their face may have helped us decide how to deal with them effectively. In conflict, it may also have helped us know who we had a good chance of beating and who might prove a tough opponent. But the fact that a face's gender, rather than more transient features such as facial expressions, has such a strong influence on the personality we ascribe to a face suggests that personality must have some biological basis. Boys will be boys Our perceptions of agreeableness exactly mirror the action of the male sex hormone testosterone. Several studies have shown that testosterone tends to make men more confrontational and anti-social. Testosterone is responsible for masculinizing the face, but it also has well-known effects on behaviour. Professor Dan Olweus and his team at the University of Berggen in Norway tested the effect of testosterone on the behaviour of a group of teenage boys. They found that contrary to predictions, high levels of testosterone were not associated with overt aggression in teenage boys. But the boys with the highest testosterone were more irritable and disagreeable. They also displayed an aggressive response to provocation, being more likely to answer back to a teacher that criticised them. Professor Allan Booth and Dr James Dabbs of Penn State University have even shown that, in a group of US air force servicemen, males with testosterone levels significantly above the average were 50% less likely to marry, which may suggest they have difficulty co-operating in a partnership with another individual. Testosterone is also responsible for giving a face its masculine qualities. Men behaving badly But this shouldn't be viewed as an excuse for grouchiness or bad behaviour. Testosterone only seems to have this effect in the proportion of the population whose brains are predisposed to such behaviour. There seems to be an equally important proportion of high-testosterone individuals who do not try to dominate through anti-social behaviour. This sort of behaviour would seem to cause downward mobility in the class system. But studies have found no evidence for a concentration of high-testosterone males amongst socioeconomic groups with low incomes. Instead, they are evenly spread across society. Masculinity and femininity also seems to affect another well-studied personality trait: extraversion. But in this case, there seems to be a parallel rather than opposite relationship between the action of male and female sex hormones. Professor Werner Martin Herrmann of the Free University in Berlin found that administering oestrogen to female volunteers made them score more highly for extraversion on personality questionnaires. Several other studies have shown that testosterone is responsible for making makes men more extravert, encouraging them to try and dominate social situations. That little bit extra Perrett has found preliminary evidence that masculine male faces are perceived as more extravert than their female counterparts. And feminine female faces are seen as more extravert than more butch faces. Again, this trend exactly mirrors the effect of sex hormones. Do feminine female faces seem more extravert? The biological basis of neuroticism is not as clear. It does not seem to be directly affected by the action of sex hormones. But, on average, women score more highly for neuroticism on personality questionnaires, so Perrett believes that faces might start to look more neurotic as you increase their femininity. First impressions count It is not known how openness and conscientiousness will be affected by changing the masculinity or femininity of a face. However, masculine faces are often described as untrustworthy, which may have implications for the types of faces we regard as conscientious, or reliable. They say we shouldn't judge a book by its cover. Even though we should know better, every day we use those old tricks we learnt in our evolutionary past. Our distant ancestors, it seems, knew what every seasoned businessman knows today: that first impressions count. Human body homepage The mind homepage Programmes Human Instinct Programme 3 - Will to Win Psychology tests Disgust Reading faces 1 Reading faces 2 Interactive lonely hearts ad Facts and features Total recoil Face value Facial prejudice The mating game Science - Hot Topics: love Science - Hot Topics: attraction News - Women's choice of men goes in cycles News - Study unveils 'opposite' attraction News - Women reveal facial attraction Parenting - babies Perception Lab - St Andrews University Professor Paul Ekman - recognising expressions New Scientist - Face morphing could catch criminals Face research - University of Stirling The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites. 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Man Skin Care

Men's Skin Care Men's Skin Care Dr. Brandt Cutting Edge Murad Where skin care meets health care Skinceuticals TanTowel Natural Self Tanning 4VOO Luxurious Skin Care Sircuit Skin Cosmeceuticals Anti Aging Cream Remove Wrinkles Health & Well Being High qultiy skin care product used daily or weekly is only one strategy to help promote healthy skin. Getting plenty of rest, excercisiing, eating right, taking vacations, drinking , fitered water and controling smoking are also key elements which help develop a healthy glow. Manstouch now offers products to help slow down the effects of age, combat the ravages of stress, sun damage and smoking, and help repair and regenrate your skin. Skin Supplements Excercise at Home Self Tan Towel Quit Smoking Program Cleaner Water Healthy Air Bath & Body Oils Natural Light Skin Tips Americans spend millions on body products every day, but are they buying the right ones. How much do you really know about what your skin needs, what type of skin you have, what kind of soaps and lotions are the best for your skin? Here's some advice that will help you maintain naturally healthy skin. 1. Soapless soap, lotions and body cleansers are better for your skin because most soaps actually strip the moisture out of your skin. Soapless soaps have a combination of water and oils. So actually, they remove the dirt and debris and actually replenish the moisture at the same time without drying the skin out. 2. Moisturize after washing your skin whether you use a traditional soap or a cleanser. When the water evaporates, the skin will dry out. So the best time to moisturize is right after bathing. 3. Know your skin type . Most people will often believe one of two things: "I have terribly oily skin," or "I have terribly dry skin." In most cases, it's somewhere in between. Independent of whether you have oily skin or dry skin, the general guidelines of washing your face once a day apply. * Dry Skin: For most dry skin is visible. Skin will be flaky and dry, and it can be irritated easily. Moisturizer can remedy that. * Oily Skin : This skin type is difficult to diagnose accurately. But do note that frequent washing will not clear up oily skin - it will only irritate it. 4. Mild Exfoliation . Use a mild abrasive soap or cream. Do not do it more than once a week or once every couple of weeks. The idea that if you sand your skin down it's going to get smoother and fresher doesn't always apply. 5. Use Sunblock . Use a compound with a sun protection factor of at least 15. That gives you about 94% to 96% protection against the ultraviolet B or burning rays of the sun. Taking care of your skin starts at a young age and using the right products is determined by knowing your skin. Try these all natural products, to give your skin the healthy glow it naturally has and protect yourself from those harmful rays. Healthy Skin from the inside out Take care of your skin from the inside out! We have just added a skin care supplment section to our Nutritional Support department. One of our feature brands products is NSI Healthy Skin, an advanced skin care supplement formula. This is a specially formulated combination of the optimal amounts, forms and ratios of powerful antioxidants, vitamins and amino acids, as recommended by the best-selling books written by Nicholas Perricone, The Perricone Prescription, and The Wrinkle Cure. We've added grape seed extract and pine bark extracts -- powerful antioxidants which may protect the skin and eyes. See our Skin Care Supplment Section 4VOO Distinct Man (Canada) 4VOO is a new and innovative men's skin care & cosmetic's company that offers the luxurious experience of enhancing appearance and confidence. 4VOO "distinct man" is an exceptional premium quality skin care and cosmetic enhancement product line, specifically formulated for a man who is not afraid to be sexy, likes to have fun, and appreciates luxury. It is for the man who is a leader in everything that he does, and understands that his grooming, and appearance are vital to his professional and personal success. The most beneficial and effective active ingredients available have been combined with pure botanical extracts, essential oils, and vitamins to work in synergy with a man's skin to provide optimum visible results. 4VOO men's skin care & cosmetics have been formulated to put a little beauty back into the beast. No more dark circles under the eyes, or skin irritation after shaving! 4VOO "distinct man" offers four levels of men's skin care: basic, essential, enhanced, and extra which complement each other to address the specific needs of a man, from men's shaving, to men's skin care, to men's cosmetic correction and enhancement, to pleasure. Sircuit Skin (USA) Blending the best of both science and beauty! Experience the future of professional skin care, with 100% Fresh, Natural, Chirally Correct Ingredients! Experts agree that cosmeceuticals and this science-based approach to beauty are here to stay! 100% fresh, all natural skin care conceived and formulated from the "molecules up" to be clearly the most advanced anti-aging skin care products based on Chiral Technology SIRCUIT Cosmeceuticals offers a complete line of professional, all natural, high performance skin care products using the latest in Chiral Technology which is an uncomplicated daily system of skin care that feels great, is easy to maintain, fun to use and, best of all, rejuvenatesthe skin using 100% fresh, Chirally Correct ingredients. Read their Press & Testimonials All SIRCUIT formulas aredesigned to help maintain your skin's all-importantmoisture balance, resulting in maximum skin protection and a more vibrant, youthful appearance. All formulations are: - All natural, gentle and clarifying - Hypo-allergenic, super effective - Anti-aging, firming, not oily or heavy - Great for ALL skin types, evenacne prone skin SIRCUIT formulations NEVER contain preservatives, fillers, artificial colors, artificial fragrances, and of course, everything we do is cruelty free. See the full list of ingredients . Sircuit constantly innovates with proven cutting egde and groundbreaking technologies not available in the "mainstream skin care" market to create skin which will feel clean, soft, balanced and pure. While SIRCUIT Cosmeceuticals is on the cutting edge of skin care technology, the basics of good skin health have not been neglected. Dr. Brandt (USA) Dr. Brandt is a Board Certified Member of the American Board of Internal Medicine and American Board of Dermatology and holds membership in prestigious professional societies on a regional and national level. Dr. Brandt is clinical professor of Dermatology at the University of Miami and is internationally sought as a lecturer in the industry of Cosmetic Dermatology and skincare. He is a published trade writer and author of the new book, age-less: the definitive guide to botox, peels, collagen & other solutions for flawless skin. At Sloan-Kettering, he specialized in the research and treatment of Leukemia. Studying the effects of natural elements against tumor growth, Dr. Brandt noted the properties of green tea and its anti-growth results. A love of Asian culture, design and anthropology furthered his interest in natural therapies and importantly, their translation from the inside out. dr. brandt skincare is a commitment to the marriage of science and nature. Our custom formulations embrace innovative, worldwide-first technologies created to maintain radiant, glowing skin. dr. brandt skincare formulas are rich with powerful vitamins, shea butter, green tea, grapeseed extract, natural botanicals, blemish fighting salicylic acid, tea tree, rosemary and other skin-saving elements. Every product is a dedication to beautiful, younger-looking skin. The difference? These products are formulated under dermatologic control for maximum safety and efficiency and offer the highest performance without a prescription Contact Us Murad (USA) Widely acknowledged as one of the country’s foremost authorities on skincare, Howard Murad, M.D. has devoted his life to the science of internal and external skincare. A board-certified dermatologist with a thriving practice in El Segundo, California, a trained pharmacist, and Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology at UCLA, Dr. Murad has built a patient base of nearly 50,000 people. Over the years, treating such a wide variety of individuals presenting every conceivable kind of skin condition, gave him direct insight into what his patients wanted and needed to care for their skin at home. This inspired him to develop his own line of skincare products. Putting theory into practice, Dr. Murad developed targeted formulas to alleviate even the most frustrating skin concerns. Murad® skincare’s success is no accident for the results speak for themselves. Contact Us

soap and detergent chemistry.

Soap Chemistry You are here: home Cleaning Products Overview Soaps and Detergents Chemistry   Pages:[1] [2] To understand what is needed to achieve effective cleaning, it is helpful to have a basic knowledge of soap and detergent chemistry.   Water, the liquid commonly used for cleaning, has a property called surface tension. In the body of the water, each molecule is surrounded and attracted by other water molecules. However, at the surface, those molecules are surrounded by other water molecules only on the water side. A tension is created as the water molecules at the surface are pulled into the body of the water. This tension causes water to bead up on surfaces (glass, fabric), which slows wetting of the surface and inhibits the cleaning process. You can see surface tension at work by placing a drop of water onto a counter top. The drop will hold its shape and will not spread.   In the cleaning process, surface tension must be reduced so water can spread and wet surfaces. Chemicals that are able to do this effectively are called surface active agents, or surfactants. They are said to make water "wetter."   Surfactants perform other important functions in cleaning, such as loosening, emulsifying (dispersing in water) and holding soil in suspension until it can be rinsed away. Surfactants can also provide alkalinity, which is useful in removing acidic soils.   Surfactants are classified by their ionic (electrical charge) properties in water: anionic (negative charge), nonionic (no charge), cationic (positive charge) and amphoteric (either positive or negative charge).    Soap is an anionic surfactant. Other anionic as well as nonionic surfactants are the main ingredients in today's detergents. Now let's look closer at the chemistry of surfactants. SOAPS Soaps are water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. Soaps are made from fats and oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a strong alkali. First let's examine the composition of fats, oils and alkalis; then we'll review the soapmaking process. Fats and Oils The fats and oils used in soapmaking come from animal or plant sources. Each fat or oil is made up of a distinctive mixture of several different triglycerides. In a triglyceride molecule, three fatty acid molecules are attached to one molecule of glycerine. There are many types of triglycerides; each type consists of its own particular combination of fatty acids. Fatty acids are the components of fats and oils that are used in making soap. They are weak acids composed of two parts: A carboxylic acid group consisting of one hydrogen (H) atom, two oxygen (O) atoms, and one carbon (C) atom, plus a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. Generally, it is made up of a long straight chain of carbon (C) atoms each carrying two hydrogen (H) atoms. Alkali An alkali is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. Originally, the alkalis used in soapmaking were obtained from the ashes of plants, but they are now made commercially. Today, the term alkali describes a substance that chemically is a base (the opposite of an acid) and that reacts with and neutralizes an acid. The common alkalis used in soapmaking are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also called caustic soda; and potassium hydroxide (KOH), also called caustic potash. How Soaps are Made Saponification of fats and oils is the most widely used soapmaking process. This method involves heating fats and oils and reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap) plus glycerine. The other major soapmaking process is the neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali. Fats and oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and glycerine. The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap). When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed. Sodium soaps are "hard" soaps. When the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed. Potassium soaps are softer and are found in some liquid hand soaps and shaving creams. The carboxylate end of the soap molecule is attracted to water. It is called the hydrophilic (water-loving) end. The hydrocarbon chain is attracted to oil and grease and repelled by water. It is known as the hydrophobic (water-hating) end. How Water Hardness Affects Cleaning Action Although soap is a good cleaning agent, its effectiveness is reduced when used in hard water. Hardness in water is caused by the presence of mineral salts - mostly those of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), but sometimes also iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The mineral salts react with soap to form an insoluble precipitate known as soap film or scum. Soap film does not rinse away easily. It tends to remain behind and produces visible deposits on clothing and makes fabrics feel stiff. It also attaches to the insides of bathtubs, sinks and washing machines. Some soap is used up by reacting with hard water minerals to form the film. This reduces the amount of soap available for cleaning. Even when clothes are washed in soft water, some hardness minerals are introduced by the soil on clothes. Soap molecules are not very versatile and cannot be adapted to today's variety of fibers, washing temperatures and water conditions.

Sensitive skin requires products

The World of Pevonia - The Basic Skin Lines - Sensitive Skin Line Back to Main Basic Skin Page Are you tired of having your skin react to anything and everything it comes into contact with? Sensitive skin requires products that restore the skin’s epidermal defenses and eliminate hypersensitivity. Pevonia’s ultra gentle sensitive skin line provides the solution to your sensitivity by combining the most soothing and healing ingredients such as: Shea Butter, Propolis, Bisabolol and Neroli Essential Oil, for calming skin sensitivity, easing blotchiness and irritability while moisturizing the skin. Skin surfaces soft, smooth, calmed and sedated with an overall feeling of well-being. This line contains a selection of five products: anti-irritant cleanser, soothing lotion, healing propolis concentrate, desensitizing care cream (UV protection), calming mask, intensive essential oil “Douceur”. SENSITIVE SKIN CLEANSER Clean skin without irritability or discomfort! Soothing and light-textured, Sensitive Skin Cleanser gently removes your skin’s accumulated impurities, while diffusing redness and irritation. Water-soluble, it easily and completely rinses away for fresh, revitalized skin. Chamomile and Calendula deliver calming and desensitizing benefits to your delicate, sensitive skin. SENSITIVE SKIN LOTION Decongest while perfectly cleansing! Sensitive Skin Lotion controls sensitivity and helps soothe your skin’s irritation. Containing natural plant extracts including Calendula and Aloe, this alcohol-free lotion calms and moisturizes preparing the skin for further treatment. Your skin resurfaces decongested, soothed and vibrantly refreshed. SOOTHING SENSITIVE SKIN CREAM Calm and hydrate for an even complexion! Smoothly textured, Sensitive Skin Care Cream alleviates and heals erythema. This triphase and homogenized cream offers vaso-constricting Propolis and healing Aloe combined with other potent actives to relieve redness and skin sensitivity rendering your skin decongested and soothed. SOOTHING SENSITIVE SKIN MASK Desensitize for visible improvement! Creamy and gently alleviating, Sensitive Skin Mask immediately calms your skin with a select combination of Zinc Oxide and Shea Butter. These ingredients harmoniously blend with other key agents to diffuse your skin’s redness and sooth irritation for a calm, smooth appearance. AROMATHERAPY FACE OIL - SENSITIVE SKIN “DOUCEUR” Essential nourishment for sensitive skin! Drench your skin with this silky textured Aromatherapy Face Oil “Douceur”. Hazel nut oil blended with Neroli and Lavender essential oils repair and nourish, while regulating your skin’s delicate moisture balance. Provide your skin the essential nourishment it needs! SOOTHING PROPOLIS CONCENTRATE Believe in the power of propolis! This richly repairing micro-emulsified gel contains a high concentration Propolis from the Jura Mountains of France. Combined with Lavender, Propolis Concentrate calms, heals, and truly enriches your skin. Anti-bacterial and decongesting, this vaso-constricting formulation alleviates micro-circulation problems and strengthens your fragile skin. Basic Deep Cleansing Treatment Treatment for Sensitive Skin with Propolis Ampoule Plantomer Mask Treatment RS2 Mask Treatment Oxy-Vital Mask Treatment Aromatherapy Treatment Décolleté Bust & Neck Treatment Pevonia© products and treatments are exclusively available at the most elite and prestigious destination spas, day spas and salons in the US and the world. Call 1-800-PEVONIA for the one nearest you. home | basic skin | lightening | problematic | oxygenating | eye care | bust, neck & décolleté | power repair | men's | body | sun | what's new | contact us - dist list - ©2000 Pevonia Botanica®, All Rights Reserved. - For more information please call us at 1-800-PEVONIA - Updated 09.19.05

Skin Treatments Botox Cosmetic

Skin Care: Acne, Eczema, Herpes, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Skin Cancer and more... Skin Care Guide .com Medical Guide to Skin Care Written by Internationally Recognized Dermatologists. Skin Care About Us Skin Care Glossary Skin Care Guide Network Skin Care/Dermatology Articles Site Map Skin Care - Physicians' Site Skin Care - Basic Facts Skin/Face Cleansers Skin Moisturizers Skin/Face Cosmetics Sunscreens/Sunblocks Skin Conditions Sun Damage Lupus Erythematosus Lice Bacterial Skin Infections Warts Treatment Sensitive Skin Cosmetic Skin Treatments Botox Cosmetic Laser Hair Removal Tattoo Removal Skin Care Medical Guides Acne Eczema Fungal Infections Herpes Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis Rosacea Skin Cancer SKIN CARE GUIDE .CA Skin Care: Acne, Eczema, Herpes, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Skin Cancer and more... Do you have acne, herpes, skin cancer, aging skin or a skin rash? Read this Guide to learn about skin treatments and care for these conditions and more. This website is written by international doctors specializing in dermatology. There is information about basic skin care to cosmetic procedures and treatments. Our objective is to give you skin care information so that you can improve your skin and treat your skin condition. Click on some of the links to get more skin treatment information from our other medical websites including: acne , herpes , skin cancer , psoriasis , eczema , fungal infection , rosacea , lupus , Lice , cuts and scrapes and more. You can also learn about anti-aging cosmetic procedures like botox and skin fillers . Great Skin Care Tips for the Holidays Giving Burns the First, Second and Third Degree Getting Your Ears Pierced? New and Effective Treatments for Warts More Skin Care Articles ... About SkinCareGuide: The SkinCare Guide has a network of over twenty medical websites written by internationally recognized dermatologists and other skin specialists. The intent is to educate both patients and physicians about skin conditions and their treatments. The information is peer-reviewed by a medical advisory board. You should always talk to a medical professional before starting or stopping a medical skin treatment. This advice is intended for informational purposes only and does not replace any advice from your own physician. Skin Care Guide Network: Acne Guide Eczema Guide Fungal Guide Herpes Guide Psoriasis Guide Psoriatic Arthritis Rosacea Guide Skin Cancer Guide Skin Therapy Letter Botox Facts Lice Mild Cleanser Dermatologists Mohs Surgery Cold Sores Sweating 2005 SkinCareGuide.com Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Sponsor List | Editorial and Advertising Policy | Feedback We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify Here