Spa Salt

Breathe Day Spa - Alternative Medicine, Beauty & Fitness - Salt Lake City, UT, 84106 - Citysearch BOC Spa & Beauty: Vote for your fave today -- New to Citysearch? Sign In · Help · Jan 26 2006 Home Restaurants & Bars Hotels Shopping Spa & Beauty Movies Events See More Categories » Search Business name, category, and/or keyword Search by name only Address, city & state, or zip Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Airport Address, city & state, or zip | Attraction Select a Utah Neighborhood Select an Utah Airport Select an Utah Attraction My Locations Add/edit locations Recent Locations Clear recent locations Save to My Citysearch Printer Friendly Version Home · Yellow Pages · Alternative Medicine · Massage · Profile Spa and Beauty: Best Spa 2006 Vote now for Breathe Day Spa, or view more categories . Photo by Simon Blundell Breathe Day Spa 1155 Wilmington Ave Salt Lake City, UT 84106 (801) 466-4200 Editorial Profile A store packed with sweet-smelling lotions and potions combined with a warm, ... Read More | User Reviews (21) 9.9 Overall Highly Recommended About our ratings Ratings feedback Website Send to a Friend Business Info Hours: · Mon-Sat 9am-9pm; · Sun 12pm-6pm Payment: · American Express · Discover · MasterCard · Visa Parking: · Lot Own this business? » Enhance or edit your listing See something wrong? » Suggest a correction Things to do nearby: 1155 Wilmington Ave Salt Lake City, UT 84106 · Restaurants · Hotels · Bars · Movie Theaters · Department Stores · Shopping Centers & Malls · Grocery Stores · Pharmacies · Florists · Banks Related Searches · Salt Lake City Alternative Medicine · Search anything in Utah · Search Yellow Pages in Utah · Search other Cities · Browse Utah Editorial Lists Citysearch Editorial Profile -- By Robyn Galbos A store packed with sweet-smelling lotions and potions combined with a warm, comforting spa. Editorial Rating: Highly Recommended The Scene At first glance, you may think that Breathe is merely a store. Rustic bookcases and armoires are generously stocked with lotions, oils and other pampering potions. But hidden from view is a tranquil spa where earthy tones and soft music set the scene for total relaxation. It's pure pampering heaven. The Services A guide will lead you through the warm, dimly lit spa to a dressing room where you'll find a locker, a fluffy robe and slippers. Sip tea and relax for a few moments in the cozy tearoom. Breathe offers several massages, facials and spa treatments such as salt glow and mud wraps. The total relaxation massage--with its with long, sweeping motions--leaves your muscles relaxed and your mind tranquil. Afterwards, linger in a hot shower before getting dressed. Editorial content is independent of paid advertisers. Any expenses are paid for by Citysearch. Insider Tips Parking Sugar House Commons' lot is usually packed. Park near the exit or risk gaining back all your tension trying to get out of the parking lot. Know Before You Go Reservations must be made with a credit card. Appointments canceled within 24 hours will be charged 50 percent of treatment cost. User Reviews What users are saying Short lines: yes Convenient hours: yes Low prices: yes Easy parking: yes Write a review and share your thoughts with other users. One of the VERY BEST Posted by redmaple on 01/17/2006 I have been fortunate to travel to many places, stay at fine hotels and resorts, most of which cater to the "spa" customer. I can honestly say Breathe is one of the best of the best spas anyplace. Thier professionalism and attention to detail is awesome. I felt just as pampered and relaxed here as I did in the finest spas outside of SLC. Breathe rivals my experience with a spas that feature private beachfront cabanas for treatment. I didn't think I could find anything more relaxing and pampering than spa treatments in a cabana, right on the beach, with the ocean waves gently lapping on the shore in front of me--I was wrong...Breathe is one of the best anywhere! Overall user rating: Highly Recommended Was this review helpful: Yes or No | Request removal of this review » Read all 21 reviews Related Editorial Content Day Spas Need some pampering? Indulge in a relaxing massage, manicure, facial or body treatment at a top Utah day spa. Local Wedding Resources Your guide to Utah's wedding resources, from florists and dress shops to ceremony and reception sites. Relaxing in Utah: Insider's Guide Insider tips on some of Salt Lake City's top spas and salons. View More » Specialty ratings for Breathe Day Spa: 9.8 Massage Vote 9.7 Spa Vote Utah What's the best in your city? Choose a category: View All Categories Facials Hair Salon Health Club Manicures Massage Spa Yoga Recognition for Breathe Day Spa 2003 2003 Editorial Winner Spa Nominated for Spa 2002 2002 Audience Winner Best Spa Nominated for Best Spa View All 2001 2001 Audience Winner Best Place to Relieve Holiday Stress 2001 Editorial Winner Best Place to Relieve Holiday Stress Nominated for Best Place to Relieve Holiday Stress Nominated for Best Pampering Products Close About Us | Advertise with Us | Contact Us | Press Center | Site Guide | List Your Business on Citysearch | Become an Affiliate | Job Opportunities | Other Cities | Get a Business Website | Submit an Event | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | About BOC | Utah Yellow Pages Citysearch is a registered trademark of 720619 Ontario Inc. and is used under license (C) 2006 Citysearch.com All rights reserved. partner sites: Evite - Entertainment.com - Gifts.com - TripAdvisor - ServiceMagic - Ticketmaster - Expedia - Hotels.com - Hotwire - HSN - LendingTree - Match.com - RealEstate.com - ReserveAmerica - Zerodegrees - CondoSaver - ClassicVacations - Ballard Designs - Frontgate - Garnet Hill - Smith+Noble - The Territory Ahead - Travel Smith

Man Skin Care

Lia Schorr Skin Care - Alternative Medicine, Beauty & Fitness - New York, NY, 10022 - Citysearch BOC Spa & Beauty: Vote for your fave today -- New to Citysearch? Sign In · Help · Jan 26 2006 Home Restaurants Bars & Clubs Hotels Shopping Spa & Beauty Movies Events See More Categories » Search Business name, category, and/or keyword Search by name only Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Airport Address, city & state, or zip | Attraction Select a New York Neighborhood Astoria Bronx Brooklyn Carroll Gardens/Cobble Hill Chelsea Chinatown East Village Financial District Flatiron District Fort Greene Gramercy Park Greenwich Village Harlem Little Italy Lower East Side Meatpacking District Midtown East Midtown W/Hells Kitchen Murray Hill Park Slope Queens Soho Times Square/Theater Dist Tribeca Union Square Upper East Side Upper West Side West Village Williamsburg Select an New York Airport Select an New York Attraction My Locations Add/edit locations Recent Locations Clear recent locations Save to My Citysearch Printer Friendly Version Home · Yellow Pages · Alternative Medicine · Massage · Profile Spa and Beauty: Best Men's Treatments 2006 Vote now for Lia Schorr Skin Care, or view more categories . Lia Schorr Skin Care 686 Lexington Ave New York, NY 10022 (212) 486-9670 (212) 486-9609 (Fax) Cross Street: Between 56th Street and 57th Street Directions: 4, 5, 6, N, R at 59th St Editorial Profile Like a visit to your favorite aunt's house, with the bonus of glowing skin. Read More | User Reviews (35) 9.3 Overall Recommended About our ratings Ratings feedback Send to a Friend Business Info Hours: · Mon-Fri 9am-8pm · Sat-Sun 9am-5pm Own this business? » Enhance or edit your listing See something wrong? » Suggest a correction Things to do nearby: 686 Lexington Ave New York, NY 10022 · Restaurants · Hotels · Bars · Movie Theaters · Department Stores · Shopping Centers & Malls · Grocery Stores · Pharmacies · Florists · Banks Related Searches · New York Alternative Medicine · New York Massage Alternative Medicine · Search anything in New York · Search Yellow Pages in New York · Search other Cities · Browse New York Editorial Lists Lia Schorr Skin Care A message from this business Great Spa Packages available for all seasons! View more Close Instant Offers The Half Day of Beauty Print The Real Man's Retreat Print The Spa Escape Print The Body Beautiful Print Citysearch Editorial Profile -- By Daniella Brodksy Like a visit to your favorite aunt's house, with the bonus of glowing skin. Editorial Rating: Recommended The Scene In the '90s, Lia Schorr was the queen of Gotham day spas, as the scores of press clippings that line this spa's walls prove. While the posh bar is just now being raised to current standards of luxe (fresh lemonade, crudites and massaging pedicure chairs are among the improvements), Schorr has never stopped updating the services on her menu. The clientele is 50% male, so the 35-year beauty vet also provides shaving, anti-aging and acne advice geared towards men. The Services The famous European deep-pore cleansing facial, performed on a barcalounger, includes a skin analysis, stimulating upper-body massage, steam, incredibly thorough extraction and a high frequency machine to prevent infection and breakouts. Then, to ensure you walk out glowing and without redness, aloe and mud masks are also applied. Other spa treats: Microdermabrasion, skin lightening, crystal peels, full-body treatments, massage, waxing, laser hair removal, manicures, pedicures and a full line of skincare products. Editorial content is independent of paid advertisers. Any expenses are paid for by Citysearch. Insider Tips The Extras Would-be aestheticians can learn to perform Schorr's world-famous techniques at the on-premises training center. User Reviews What users are saying Short lines: yes Convenient hours: yes Low prices: yes Easy parking: yes Write a review and share your thoughts with other users. Excelent knowledge of skin Posted by halyna on 01/25/2006 Wonderfull service. Very pleasent people with a lot of knoledge about skin care. I had lots of breakouts and see me now after 3 month of treatments....I am clean, just like in the comercial:) Highly recomend. Pros: Inexpensive Overall user rating: Highly Recommended Was this review helpful: Yes or No | Request removal of this review » Read all 35 reviews Related Editorial Content 24/7 in New York Where you can eat, drink and get things done any time of day or night. Around Rockefeller Center Where to eat, sleep and shop for the holidays around Rockefeller Center. At-Home Party Planner Planning a party at your house? Find the right DJ, florist , caterer, party rental company, and any other home party needs in New York. View More » Specialty ratings for Lia Schorr Skin Care: 8.8 Facials Vote 9.0 Hair Removal Vote 9.3 Manicures & Pedicures Vote View All 8.6 Massage Vote 9.3 Men's Treatments Vote 9.0 Spa Vote Close New York What's the best in your city? Choose a category: View All Categories Color Facials Hair Removal Hair Salon Hotel Spa Health Club Manicures Massage Men's Treatments Nutritionists Trainers Spa Sunless Tanning Tattoo/Piercing Yoga About Us | Advertise with Us | Contact Us | Press Center | Site Guide | List Your Business on Citysearch | Become an Affiliate | Job Opportunities | Other Cities | Get a Business Website | Submit an Event | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | About BOC | New York Yellow Pages Citysearch is a registered trademark of 720619 Ontario Inc. and is used under license (C) 2006 Citysearch.com All rights reserved. partner sites: Evite - Entertainment.com - Gifts.com - TripAdvisor - ServiceMagic - Ticketmaster - Expedia - Hotels.com - Hotwire - HSN - LendingTree - Match.com - RealEstate.com - ReserveAmerica - Zerodegrees - CondoSaver - ClassicVacations - Ballard Designs - Frontgate - Garnet Hill - Smith+Noble - The Territory Ahead - Travel Smith

Body Butter Overall rating:

Compare Prices and Read Reviews on The Body Shop Coconut Body Butter at Epinions.com Join Epinions | Help | Sign In Bath & Body Beauty All Categories Advanced Search Home > Wellness & Beauty > Bath & Body The Body Shop Coconut Body Butter Overall rating: Reviewed by 14 Epinions users Write a Review Compare Prices View Details Read Reviews Subscribe to reviews on this product Read Review of The Body Shop Coconut Body Butter Review Summary About the Author Body Shop Coconut Body Butter - Coconut & Moisture Heaven! Oct 06 '04 Author's Product Rating Pros Smells awesome, makes my skin feel and look great, maintains skin, nice consistency Cons Can be oily/tacky if overused, costs $17 for 6.9oz in-store, lid can be slippery The Bottom Line This is an incredibly soothing and moisturizing body butter, with an amazing coconut scent! Full Review Preparing for another brutal winter and implementing a stricter pre-wedding beauty regimen, I browsed in the Body Shop for some products. I soon found the Body Shop’s Body Butters , which come in a variety of scents. Coconut is a very appealing scent for myself and my fianc, so it didn’t take much time to pick it out over the other scents, which include Mango , Nut , Sesame , Shea , Cocoa Butter , Olive , Papaya and Grapeseed . Sample containers were available to try in each kind, so I sniffed a few and tried some on my skin. There are two size containers. There is the smaller 1.7 oz container, which costs $7.00 and the larger 6.9 oz size (which is what I bought, for $17.00 ). (As the saleswoman said in her pitch, “You know, the larger size is 4 times larger, for only $10 more”!) The containers are brown plastic (corresponding to the coconut scent), with a lid that screws on. There is a picture of a coconut on the top, and the bottom of the container has other information like ingredients and so on. The “butter” is very thick and is a solid off- white color. When I got my container, it been sitting on the shelf on it’s side, so when I opened it, the butter had settled to one side. Over time, it shifted back, once it was sitting upright again for a period of time. The butter isn’t soft like a lotion but isn’t hard like a salve or lip balm – it is kind of in between. I can shake the container hard and the butter won’t move, but it is soft enough that it doesn’t take work to use. To apply, you can just wipe/dip your fingers on it. Like salves and other products, however, it is harder in cooler temperatures and softer in warmer temperatures. The warmth of your skin temperature makes it especially easy to apply, as it “melts” on. The scent is certainly coconut . It is very reminiscent of a sunscreen. The smell is sweet and warm, and doesn’t have a perfumed sort of fragrance. “ Scoop out with your fingers and massage into your skin, as often as required. ” My Thoughts & Experiences I love my Burt’s Bees Hand Salve , but I was also interested to try something else when I was running low. I generally use something on my hands and other dry skin at night, not really caring if it is greasy or thick. The salesperson at the store told me to just use this body butter sparingly, to avoid greasiness, but that I would like this. I like the consistency, which is thick but easy to apply. It is a thick cream, but not hard, and obviously not too liquid. My skin really likes this stuff. I have had no problems with it whatsoever, and no irritation. I use the Body Shop Coconut Body Butter just about every night, and honestly, my hands stay gorgeous. My skin is smooth and feels great, especially considering everything I put them through. Either it is winter dryness, or handling paper and boxes all day at work, or going hiking/camping. The butter provides relief where needed and keeps my hands smooth. The best part is, it really is not greasy. I get a slight “tacky-ness” if I apply too much, but my skin absorbs the butter pretty well. As for other areas, I use this on my legs, especially my lower legs, where my skin really dries out (I can probably thank my space heater on the floor under my desk at work for that). I try to apply it after shaving, and not only does it feel soothing, it looks great. My skin feels hydrated, not itchy and dry. I have used the Body Shop Coconut Body Butter for problem skin, like after getting some sun (whether or not I burn, I like to moisturize), using lots of cleaning products, or other situations where my skin takes a beating. There are also the usual things that I attend to like dry elbows or knees. My fianc uses it too, and likes it as well. Lastly, I can’t go without mentioning the scent . The coconut scent is just dreamy. Scent is supposed to be a strong sense in terms of moods and memories, and the coconut smell really reminds me of sunscreen, and then of course, summers and tropical places. It is a wonderfully pleasant, warm kind of smell. I love using this in the winter, and I count down the days to my honeymoon every night when I put it on! It lingers a little bit, in terms of strength of smell. I can detect a faint bit of coconut in the morning when I get up, and I can smell it a few hours later if I have put any on in the morning. If anything, catching a whiff of it is great. This is great for in the workplace, where I try to avoid perfumed things, or at least those that are heavily fragranced. (Although they are probably wondering why I am wearing sunscreen in February when it is 10 below 0 and we haven’t seen the sun in 3 months…!) Ingredients & NO Animal Testing Water (Solvent/Diluent), Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil (Emollient/Hair Conditioner), Cyclopentasiloxane (Emollient), Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter) (Emollient), Glycerin (Humectant), Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Butter (Emollient), Glyceryl Stearate (Emulsifier), PEG-100 Stearate (Surfactant), Cetearyl Alcohol (Emulsifier), Lanolin Alcohol (Stabiliser/Emollient), Phenoxyethanol (Preservative), Fragrance (Fragrance), Methylparaben (Preservative), Propylparaben (Preservative), Xanthan Gum (Viscosity Modifier), Benzyl Alcohol (Preservative), Disodium EDTA (Chelating Agent), Sodium Hydroxide (pH Adjuster), Caramel (Colour). The Body Shop is known for being animal friendly, and not being involved in animal testing. “ The Body Shop is against animal testing on cosmetic products and ingredients. We do not test our products or ingredients on animals. Nor do we commission others to do so. ” The container is labeled that this company is Against Animal Testing , and I am glad to see a company that really takes pride in being responsible. I have a really old Body Shop lip balm, and the container says to bring it back to the store when finished, to recycle. I don’t see that on my body butter container, but it does have a recycling symbol on the back. Any Downsides? The only issue I have with this item isn’t even the butter itself. The only thing I would change is that the lid of the container is wide and has no texture to it, so sometimes after I have applied the body butter, it is hard for me to twist the lid back on or off. Since the larger size butter has a large lid, it is even harder to grasp it. Not a huge deal, but if the lid were at least a little contoured or had texture to it, I would be able to get a better grip. Overall Thoughts Once I tried the Body Shop’s Coconut Body Butter , I was hooked. I use it almost every night (I forget or am too tired at times!), and it really maintains my skin well. Now that I went with the large size, I’m going to buy the smaller size as well, to keep in my desk at work. The Body Shop : http://www.bodyshop.com If you like the Body Shop products, you’ll probably like Burt’s Bees!: Burt’s Beeswax & Banana Hand Crme Burt’s Bees Royal Jelly Eye Crme Burt’s Bees Fruit Flavored Lip Gloss Burt’s Bees Beeswax Lip Balm Burt’s Bees Lemon Butter Cuticle Creme Burt’s Bees Carrot Nutritive Night Creme Burt’s Bees Hand Salve Burt’s Bees Marshmallow Vanishing Creme Burt’s Bees Coconut Foot Creme Burt’s Bees Pore-Refining Mask Burt’s Bees Almond Milk Hand Creme Dr. Burt’s Res-Q Ointment Aveeno Daily Moisturizing Lotion Recommended Yes Amount Paid (US$): 17.00 Skin Compatibility: Improved my skin Fragrance: Heavenly scent Skin Compatibility: No problems at all Comments on this Review Read all comments (6) Write your own comment Epinions.com ID: Javelina in Beauty , Home & Garden in Beauty , Home & Garden Location: Long Island & Upstate NY Reviews written: 520 Trusted by: 413 members Back from South America. Happy New Year! View all reviews by Javelina View Javelina's profile Return to top Back to all reviews Featured Resources Additional information on The Body Shop Coconut Body Butter or other products. The Original Body Butter Save up to 75% at The Body Shop. Get free shipping on orders $50+. www.thebodyshop.com Buy Virgin Coconut Oil America's source for coconut oil. Certified Organic top quality oil. tropicaltraditions.com Victoria's Secret Beauty The Official Site. Fragrances, Skin Care, Makeup and more. www.VictoriasSecret.com Body Butter & Skin Care For All New You! Natural Skin Care. Body Butter on Sale. Low prices. www.cosmeticandspa.com Epicurean Shea Butter Co Organic & Fair Traded Shea Butter, Shea Soaps, Shea Oils, & Bath Salts www.sheabutterstore.com Help | Member Center | Message Boards | Site Rules | User Agreement | Privacy Policy | Site Index About Epinions | Careers | Contact Epinions | Advertising Epinions | DealTime USA | DealTime UK | PriceTool | Shopping.com | Rent.com © 1999-2006 Epinions, Inc. Trademark Notice Epinions.com periodically updates pricing and product information from third-party sources, so some information may be slightly out-of-date. You should confirm all information before relying on it.

Bady Care

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birthcertificate.OnOctober20,1998,theTennesseeDepartmentofChildrensServices( DCS)

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filedadependencyandneglectpetitionintheJuvenileCourtofShelbyCounty.Thedependency

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andneglectpetitionallegedthatD.L.B.wasadependentandneglectedchildduetoMrs.Badys
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 historyofdrugabuseandfailuretomaintainastablehome.Thejuvenilecourtenteredaprotective


custodyorderrecommendingthatD.L.B.beplacedinthecustodyofDCS.


OnOctober29,1998,D.L.B.wasdischargedfromTheMedintothecustodyofDCS.DCS

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referredD.L.B.totheAGAPEagencyforfostercareplacement.AGAPEplacedD.L.B.inthefoster

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homeoftheAppellees,DonaldandDeniseNickleson( theNicklesons).D.L.B.haslivedwiththe

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NicklesonsfromOctober,1998untilthepresentday.D.L.B.hasrespiratoryproblemsaswellas

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sensoryintegrationproblemswhichdelayherdevelopmentinoccupationalperformanceareassuch

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asfinemotorskillsandgrossmotorskills.Mrs.Nicklesonisalicensedphysicaltherapistwitha

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specialcertificationinsensoryintegrationassessment,evaluation,andtreatment.Mrs.Nickleson

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privatelyseespatientsfromwithinherhomeandprovidesD.L.B.withconstanttherapyforher

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sensoryintegrationproblems.
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OnMay15,2000,CourtAppointedSpecialAdvocateofMemphisandShelbyCounty


( CASA)filedapetitionforterminationofparentalrightsofMrs.Bady,herhusbandJessieBady


( Mr.Bady),andallunknownfathersofD.L.B.OnJuly12,2000,ahearingonthepetitionfor


terminationofparentalrightswasheld.Mr.Mooreappearedatthehearingandclaimedtobethe

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fatherofD.L.B.ThejuvenilecourtenteredanorderterminatingtheparentalrightsofMr.andMrs.

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Bady.OnAugust15,2000,CASAfiledanamendedpetitionforterminationofparentalrightsto

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addMr.MooreastheputativefatherofD.L.B.
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DCSfiledapetitioninthejuvenilecourtagainstMr.MooretoestablishparentageofD.L.B.

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OnAugust18,2000,Mr.MooresubmittedtoapaternitytestwhichconfirmedthathewasD.L.B.s

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father.OnSeptember15,2000,thejuvenilecourtenteredanorderestablishingMr.Mooreasthe

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naturalfatherofD.L.B.andrequiringMr.Mooretopaychildsupportintheamountof$210.00per

 
month.ThejuvenilecourtalsoorderedMr.MooretopayallmedicalexpensesrelatedtoD.L.B.s


birth,D.L.B.smedicalinsurance,thecostofthepaternitytest,andcourtcosts.InOctober,2000,


Mr.Mooremadehisfirstchildsupportpayment,andbeginninginNovember,2000,Mr.Moores


wagesweregarnishedtomakethechildsupportpayments.Mr.Mooreneverpaidanymedical


expensesrelatedtoD.L.B.sbirth,D.L.B.smedicalinsurance,thecostofthepaternitytest,orcourt

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InNovember,2000,thejuvenilecourtappointedSusanHinsley( Ms.Hinsley)asthe

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guardianadlitem.OnNovember2,2000,Mr.MoorecontactedDCSandrequestedvisitationwith

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D.L.B.Mr.MooresfirstsupervisedvisitwithD.L.B.occurredonNovember13,2000.On

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November16,2000,DCSrequestedthatCASAwithdrawitspetitionforterminationofparental

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rightsagainstMr.Moore.InitsNovember28,2000quarterlyprogressreport,DCSchangedits

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permanencyplangoalfrom adoptionto returntoparent.AtajudicialreviewofD.L.B.scase,

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DCSrequestedthejuvenilecourttochangethegoalfrom adoptionto returntoparent.On

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November28,2000,thejuvenilecourtdeniedDCSrequesttochangethegoalto returntoparent

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butorderedthatvisitationbetweenMr.MooreandD.L.B.continue.Mr.Mooreengagedinfourteen

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supervisedvisitswithD.L.B.fromNovember13,2000throughJanuary29,2001andfromMarch

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29,2001throughApril27,2001.
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proceedings.OnJanuary29,2001,Mr.MoorefiledaresponsetotheNicklesonsmotionto



intervene.OnJanuary31,2001,Mr.Moorefiledamotioninthejuvenilecourttomodifytheplan



ofcaretoreflectachangeto returntoparentandtohavecustodyawardedtohim.AlsoonJanuary

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31,2001,theNicklesonsfiledapetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptionintheChancery

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CourtofShelbyCounty.TheNicklesonsthennotifiedthejuvenilecourtthattheyhadfileda

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petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptioninthechancerycourt.
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OnFebruary1,2001,CASAmadeanoralmotiontodismisstheirpetitiontoterminate

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parentalrightsofMr.Moorefiledinthejuvenilecourt.TheNicklesonsobjectedtoCASAsmotion

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todismiss.ThejuvenilecourtenteredanorderwhichsuspendedrulingonCASAsmotionto

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dismissduetothefilingoftheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptionin

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thechancerycourt.Thechancerycourtthenreferredthepartiesbacktothejuvenilecourttorequest


furtherrulingonCASAsmotiontodismiss.OnFebruary5,2001,theNicklesonsfiledanamended


petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptioninthechancerycourtwhichnamedDCSasan


additionalrespondentduetoitsfailuretoconsenttoterminationofMr.Mooresparentalrights.

AlsoonFebruary5,2001,theNicklesonssentalettertoDCSindicatingthatvisitationwith

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Mr.MoorewasnotinD.L.B.sbestinterestandinformingDCSthattheyweregoingtowaitonan

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orderfromthechancerycourtbeforeallowingvisitationtocontinue.TheNicklesonsclaimthat

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visitationwithMr.MoorehadcausedD.L.B.toregressinhertoilettrainingandtobecomemore

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clingytoMrs.Nicklesonfollowingvisitation.TheNicklesonsalsoclaimthatvisitationexacerbated

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D.L.B.s rocking,sittingupinbedandrepeatedlybangingherbackagainstherbedasameansof

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selfstimulation.OnMarch6,2001,Mr.Moorefiledaresponsetotheamendedpetitiontoterminate

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parentalrightsandforadoptionwhichincludedanapplicationforinjunctiverelief.Theapplication

 
forinjunctivereliefallegedthattheNicklesonshadrefusedtocomplywiththejuvenilecourtsgrant


ofvisitationtoMr.MooresinceFebruary5,2001andrequestedthatthechancerycourtorderthat


D.L.B.bemadeavailableforvisitation.OnMarch8,2001,DCSfiledaresponsetotheamended


petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoption.OnMarch19,2001,Mr.Moorefiledamotion


inthechancerycourttodismisstheNicklesonspetitionandamendedpetitiontoterminateparental

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rightsandforadoption.
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terminateparentalrightsfiledinthejuvenilecourt.OnMarch28,2001,thechancerycourtentered

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Ms.Hinsleyfiledananswertothepetitiontoterminateparentalrights.Ms.Hinsleysanswerstated

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thatMr.Moorehadfailedtoshowasufficientwillingnessandabilitytoassumelegalandphysical

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custodyofD.L.B.TheanswerstatedthatD.L.B.wouldnotreceivethetherapysheneedsifsheis

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placedwithMr.MooreandthatplacingD.L.B.withMr.Moorewouldposeariskofsubstantial

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harmtothephysicalandpsychologicalwelfareofD.L.B.Finally,theanswerassertedthatMr.

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MoorewasincompetenttoadequatelyprovideforD.L.B.becausehismentalconditionwasso

)$(

impairedthatitwasunlikelythatMr.MoorewouldbeabletoassumecareofD.L.B.inthenear
|*%)
future.Ms.HinsleyrecommendedthatthechancerycourtterminateMr.Mooresparentalrights.


?OnMarch29,2001,thechancerycourtheldahearingonMr.Mooresapplicationfor



injunctiverelief.OnApril6,2001,thechancerycourtenteredanordergrantingsupervised

t
visitationtoMr.Moore.OnApril19,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotiontoamendtheorder

`
grantingsupervisedvisitation.OnApril24,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotionforleavetofilea

L
secondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptiontoallegeadditionalgrounds

8
forterminationofparentalrights.OnApril27,2001,thechancerycourtheldahearingonthe

$t
motiontoamendtheordergrantingsupervisedvisitation.OnMay24,2001,thechancerycourt

`
grantedtheNicklesonsmotionforleavetofileasecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparental

L
rightsandforadoption.Thechancerycourtalsograntedthemotiontoamendtheordergranting

8
supervisedvisitationandterminatedthesupervisedvisitationuponafindingthatthevisitationwas

$
adverselyaffectingD.L.B.spsychologicalwellbeingandwasnotinherbestinterest.The


Nicklesonsfiledthesecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoption.

OnMay25,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotiontoappointthemasthetemporaryguardians


ofD.L.B.andsuspendtheauthorityofDCSoverD.L.B.OnJune5,2001,theNicklesonsfileda

p
motiontorequireMr.Mooretobeprofessionallyevaluated.OnJune11,2001,thechancerycourt

\
heldahearingonthetwomotions.ThechancerycourtenteredanorderdenyingtheNicklesons

H
motiontoappointthemasthetemporaryguardiansofD.L.B.andsuspendtheauthorityofDCSover

4
D.L.B.andtheNicklesonsmotiontorequireMr.Mooretobeprofessionallyevaluated.OnJune

p
1927,2001,thetrialontheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrightswasheld.OnJune20,

\
2001,Mr.Moorefiledaresponsetothesecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsand

H
foradoption.OnJune25,2001,theNicklesonsmadeamotionforadirectedverdict.Thechancery

4
courtdeniedthemotionforadirectedverdict.
 
Followingthetrial,thechancerycourtdirectedthepartiestosubmitproposedfindingsof


fact.OnJuly12,2001,theNicklesonssubmittedtheirproposedfindingsoffactandconclusionsof


law.OnJuly23,2001,Mr.Mooresubmittedhisproposedfindingsoffact.OnAugust8,2001,the


chancerycourtenteredanorderterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrights.Thechancerycourtfound

l
thatMr.MooreabandonedD.L.B.becauseforaperiodoffourconsecutivemonthsimmediately

X 
precedingCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledinthejuvenilecourt,Mr.Moore

D!
willfullyfailedtovisitandmakepaymentstowardthesupportofD.L.B.Thechancerycourtalso

0"
foundthatitwasinD.L.B.sbestinteresttoterminateMr.Mooresparentalrights.Thisappeal

#l!
followed.
$X"
@II.StandardofReview
&"%
Parentshaveafundamentalrighttothecare,custody,andcontroloftheirchildren.See

(#'
Stanleyv.Illinois,405U.S.645,651(1972).Thisrightisnotabsolute,however,andparentalrights

)$(
maybeterminateduponafindingbyclearandconvincingevidencethatthegroundsfortermination

|*%)
ofparentalrightshavebeenestablishedandthatterminationisinthebestinterestofthechild.See
h+&*
Tenn.CodeAnn.36-1-113(c)(2001).Clearandconvincingevidenceisevidencewhich


 eliminatesanyseriousorsubstantialdoubtconcerningthecorrectnessoftheconclusiontobedrawn



fromtheevidence.Itshouldproduceinthefactfindersmindafirmbelieforconvictionwithregard



tothetruthoftheallegationssoughttobeestablished.ODanielv.Messier,905S.W.2d182,188

t
(Tenn.Ct.App.1995)(citationsomitted).
`
Underthisheightenedstandardofreview,wemustfirstreviewthetrialcourtsfindingsin

8
accordancewithsection13(d)oftheTennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure.Thatreviewisde

$t
novowithapresumptionofcorrectnessastothetrialcourtsfactualfindings,unlessthe

`
preponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise.SeeTenn.R.App.P.13(d).Forissuesoflaw,the

L
standardofreviewisdenovo,withnopresumptionofcorrectness.SeeRidingsv.RalphM.Parsons

8
Co.,914S.W.2d79,80(Tenn.1996).Wemustthendeterminewhetherthefactsmakeoutaclear

$
andconvincingcaseinfavorofterminatingparentalrights.SeeInreDrinnon,776S.W.2d96,100


(Tenn.Ct.App.1988).

@00III.LawandAnalysis

Thefollowingissues,asweperceivethem,arepresentedforourreview:
\
1.WhetherthetrialcourterredbyterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrightsonthebasisofwillful

4
abandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i)oftheTennesseeCode;
p
(50



3
!

!2.WhetherothergroundstosupportterminationofMr.Mooresparentalrightsexist;and
\
3.WhetherterminationofparentalrightsisinthebestinterestofD.L.B.
H
Wewillexamineeachissueinturn.
4
ThefirstissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherthetrialcourterredbyterminatingMr.


Mooresparentalrightsonthebasisofwillfulabandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).Under


theprovisionsofsection361113(g)(1)oftheTennesseeCode,terminationofparentalrightsmay


bebaseduponaparentsabandonmentofhisorherchild.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(1)


(2001).Section361102definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,as:
l
`(1)(A)(i)Foraperiodoffour(4)consecutivemonthsimmediately
D!
`precedingthefilingofaproceedingorpleadingtoterminatethe
0"
`parentalrightsoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)ofthechildwhois
#l!
`thesubjectofthepetitionforterminationofparentalrightsor
$X"
`adoption,thattheparent(s)orguardian(s)eitherhavewillfully
$D #
`failedtovisitorhavewillfullyfailedtosupportormake
%0!$
`reasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechild;
&"%
`(B)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), tokensupportmeans
'#&
`thatthesupport,underthecircumstancesoftheindividual
(#'
`case,isinsignificantgiventheparentsmeans;
)$(
`(C)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), tokenvisitation
h+&*
`meansthatthevisitation,underthecircumstancesofthe

`individualcase,constitutesnothingmorethanperfunctory


`visitationorvisitationofsuchaninfrequentnatureorofsuch


`shortdurationastomerelyestablishminimalorinsubstantial
t
`contactwiththechild;
`
`(D)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), willfullyfailedto
8
`supportor willfullyfailedtomakereasonablepayments
$t
`towardsuchchildssupportmeansthat,foraperiodof
`
`four(4)consecutivemonths,nomonetarysupportwaspaid
L
`orthattheamountofsupportpaidistokensupport;
8
`(E)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), willfullyfailedto

`visitmeansthewillfulfailure,foraperiodoffour(4)

`consecutivemonths,tovisitorengageinmorethantoken

`visitation.

Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(E)(2001).
\
InInreSwanson,2S.W.3d180(Tenn.1999),theTennesseeSupremeCourtfoundtheabove

4
definitionsof willfullyfailedtosupportand willfullyfailedtomakereasonablepaymentstoward

p
suchchildssupporttobeunconstitutionalbecausethey ineffectcreateanirrebuttable

\
presumptionthatthefailuretoprovidemonetarysupportforthefourmonthsprecedingthepetition

H
toterminateparentalrightsconstitutesabandonment,irrespectiveofwhetherthatfailurewas

4
intentional.Id.at188.TheSwansoncourtheldthatthedefinitionasitexistedundertheprior

 
statuteshouldbeapplieduntilthelegislatureamendsthestatute.Seeid.at189. Undertheprior


statute,thedefinitionofabandonedchildcontainedanelementofintentbothinfailurestovisitand


failurestosupport.Id.at189n.14(citingTenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(i)(Supp.1994)).

Tennesseecourtshavedefinedabandonmentas anyconductonthepartoftheparentwhich

l
evincesasettledpurposetoforegoallparentaldutiesandrelinquishallparentalclaimstothechild.

X 
ExparteWolfenden,348S.W.2d751,755(Tenn.Ct.App.1961)(citationsomitted).Theevidence

D!
ofabandonmentmustshow anactualdesertion,accompaniedwithanintentiontoentirelysever,

0"
sofarasitispossibletodoso,theparentalrelationshipandthrowoffallobligationsgrowingout

#l!
ofthesame.Fancherv.Mann,432S.W.2d63,65(Tenn.Ct.App.1968)(citationomitted).

$X"
Abandonmentmaybefoundonlywhen,giventhebenefitofeverycontrovertedfact,aninference

$D #
ofabandonmentfollowsasamatteroflaw.Seeid.at66.
%0!$
Inthecaseatbar,thechancerycourtfoundthatMr.MoorewillfullyabandonedD.L.B.in

'#&
thathewillfullyfailedtovisitandwillfullyfailedtosupportD.L.B.duringthefourmonths

(#'
immediatelyprecedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenile

)$(
court.Mr.Moorearguesthatthechancerycourterredbylookingtothefourmonthsimmediately

|*%)
precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourtratherthan
h+&*
thefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingoftheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparental


rightsinthechancerycourt.Wemustdeterminetherelevantfourmonthperiod.


AtthetrialontheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrights,thechancerycourt

t
discussedwhyitconsideredthefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingofCASAspetition

`
toterminateparentalrightsbystatingthefollowing:
L
`[I]nregardtothegroundsofabandonment,Ireadthatstatute
$t
`literallyintermsofwhatdateImsupposedtolookat.Andin
`
`thestatuteitsaysthefilingofanypetition.Anditsaysapetition.
L
`SoImusingthetriggeringdateasthedatethatanactionwas
8
`filedinJuvenileCourt,andnotwhentheadoptionpetitionwas
$
`filedinChancery.Now,Ithink,Imayreadandinterpretthat

`differentlythanyou.IthinkyouwereusingtheJanuarydate

`whentheadoptionproceedingwasfiledinChanceryCourt.But

`asIreadthestatute,ittalksaboutthefilingofapetitionandit

`talksaboutanypetition,soIreaditjustasitappears.Andthe
p
`firstpetitiontoterminatewasfiledinJuvenileCourt,andIthink
\
`thatwasbackinMayof2000.Sothatisthetrigger,andIwill
H
`belookingathisconductandhisactivitiesbeforeMayof2000
4
`inmakingadeterminationaboutwhetherornotheabandoned
p
`thischild.
\
Thetrialcourtsdiscussionofthephrases apetitionand anypetitionrefertosection361
H
102(1)(A)(i)andsection361102(F),respectively.Section361102(1)(A)(i)definesabandonment

4
as:
 
`Foraperiodoffour(4)consecutivemonthsimmediately

`precedingthefilingofaproceedingorpleadingtoterminate

`theparentalrightsoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)ofthechild

`whoisthesubjectofthepetitionforterminationofparental

`rightsoradoption,thattheparent(s)orguardian(s)eitherhave
l
`willfullyfailedtovisitorhavewillfullyfailedtosupportor
X 
`makereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechild.
D!
?
0"
Tenn.CodeAnn.36112(1)(A)(i)(emphasisadded).
#l!
Section361102(1)(F)states: Abandonmentmaynotberepentedofbyresumingvisitationor

$D #
supportsubsequenttothefilingofanypetitionseekingtoterminateparentalorguardianshiprights

%0!$
orseekingtheadoptionofachild.Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(F)(emphasisadded).
&"%
Whencalledupontointerpretastatute,thisCourtsprimaryobjectiveistoeffectuatethe

(#'
intentandpurposeofthelegislature.SeeLipscombv.Doe,32S.W.3d840,844(Tenn.2000).This

)$(
Courtshoulddeterminetheintentofthelegislaturebylookingtothenaturalandordinarymeaning

|*%)
ofthewordsusedinthestatute,andnotbyaconstructionthatisforcedorwhichlimitsorextends
h+&*
themeaning.Seeid. Whenthelanguageofthestatuteisclearandunambiguous,thenthisCourt


usuallyappliestheplainlanguageofthestatutetoresolvetheissue.Id.Whenapproaching



statutorytext,thisCourtmustpresumethatthelegislaturesaysinastatutewhatitmeansandmeans



inastatutewhatitsaysthere.SeeWorleyv.Weigels,Inc.,919S.W.2d589,593(Tenn.1996)

t
(citationomitted).Accordingly,wemustconstruestatutesastheyarewritten,andoursearchforthe

`
meaningofstatutorylanguagemustalwaysbeginwiththestatuteitself.SeeNeffv.CherokeeIns.

L
Co.,704S.W.2d1,3(Tenn.1986);Jacksonv.Jackson,210S.W.2d332,334(Tenn.1948).
8
Section361102(1)(A)(i)definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,astheparentswillful

`
failuretovisitortosupportormakereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechildforaperiod

L
offourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingof aproceedingorpleadingtoterminateparental

8
rights.Thestatutedoesnotreferto theproceedingorpleadingwhich,inthecaseatbar,would

$
referencethechancerycourttotheparticularpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledbythe


Nicklesons.Rather,undertheplainandordinarymeaningofthewords aproceedingorpleading,


thestatutereferencesthechancerycourttoCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledinthe


juvenilecourt.Moreimportantly,however,section361102(1)(F)statesthataparentmaynot


repentofabandonmentbyresumingvisitationorsupportsubsequenttothefilingof anypetition

p
toterminateparentalrights.Thus,undertheplainandordinarymeaningofsection361102(1)(F),

\
onceanypetitiontoterminateparentalrightshasbeenfiled,aparentmaynotthenrepentofhisor

H
herabandonment.Thismeansthatforpurposesofthecaseatbar,thoughMr.Moorebegan

4
visitationandsupportfollowingthefilingofCASAsamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrights,

p
Mr.Moorecouldnotrepentofhispriorabandonmentbecausethisoccurredsubsequenttothefiling

\
ofanypetitiontoterminateparentalrights.Becauseweconstruethestatuteaccordingtoitsplain

H
andordinarymeaning,wefindthattherelevantfourmonthperiodisthefourmonthsimmediately

4
precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.
 
Mr.MooreadmittedthatheknewthatD.L.B.wasinthecustodyofDCSbeginningin


December,1998,buthefailedtocontactDCStorequestvisitationuntilNovember,2000,sixmonths


followingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.Mr.Moore


neverpaidanysupporttoD.L.B.untilOctober,2000,fivemonthsfollowingthefilingofCASAs

l
petitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.Asaresult,theevidencesupportsthe

X 
chancerycourtsfindingthatMr.Moorewillfullyfailedtovisitandwillfullyfailedtosupportor

D!
makereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofD.L.B.duringthefourmonthsimmediately

0"
precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.

#l!
Accordingly,weaffirmthetrialcourtsorderterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrightsonthebasis

$X"
ofwillfulabandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).
$D #
Thesecondissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherothergroundstosupporttermination

&"%
ofMr.Mooresparentalrightsexist.ThoughtheNicklesonsassertedseveralgroundsuponwhich

'#&
tobaseterminationofparentalrights,thechancerycourtonlyaddressedthegroundofwillful

(#'
abandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).Wewilladdresseachgroundforterminationof

)$(
parentalrightsasassertedbytheNicklesons.
|*%)

h+&*
TheNicklesonsclaimthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminateduponan


additionalgroundforabandonmentasdefinedbysection361102(1)(A)(iii)oftheTennesseeCode.



Section361102(1)(A)(iii)definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,as:


`(1)(A)(iii)Abiologicalorlegalfatherhaseitherwillfullyfailed
`
`tovisitorwillfullyfailedtomakereasonablepaymentstoward
L
`thesupportofthechildsmotherduringthefour(4)months
8
`immediatelyprecedingthebirthofthechild;provided,thatinno
$t
`instanceshallafinalorderterminatingtheparentalrightsofa
`
`parentasdeterminedpursuanttothissubdivision(iii)beentered
L
`untilatleastthirty(30)dayshaveelapsedsincethedateofthe
8
`childsbirth;
$
Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(iii)(2001).

Mr.MooremetMrs.Badywhenhesolicitedherforaprostitutiondateandpaidhertwenty


dollars.Mr.MooreclaimedthathedevelopedarelationshipwithMrs.Bady,andshestayedathis

p
houseapproximatelyonceamonthfortwoorthreedayseachmonth.Sixweeksintoherpregnancy

\
withD.L.B.,Mrs.BadynotifiedMr.Moorethathewasthefatherofherchild.Atthetrialonthe

H
petitiontoterminateparentalrights,theNicklesonsattorneyquestionedMr.Mooreasfollows:
4
Q.AndyoutestifiedtodayandyoutestifiedataprevioustimeIbelieveastoyouwouldgive

\
[Mrs.Bady]$10or$20sometimesifshewasgoingtobuyfoodorclothes;isthatcorrect?
H
A.Correct.
4
Q.Andwhenshewasatyourhouse,youwerehavingasexualrelationship,wereyounot?
 
A.Correct.

Q.Andthatwaswhileshewaspregnantwith[D.L.B.]?

A.Correct.

Q.Andisntittruethatwhenyouresayingthatshewaslivingatyourhouse,whatwas


happeningwasshewasstayingtwoorthreedaysandgoingawayforamonthandcomingbackand

l
stayingtwoorthreemoredaysandgoingawayforamonth?Sometimeslongerthanmonthand

X 
sometimesshewouldstayalittlelongerthantwoorthreedays?
D!
A.Correct.
0"
Q.Andyoucallthatlivingthere?
#l!
A.Yes.
$X"
Q.Andthatsthesupportyouweregivingherwastheplacetosleepandfoodwhileshewas

$D #
there?
%0!$
A.Correct.
&"%
Q.Anddidyounotalsotestifythatontheoccasionsthatshewastherefortwoorthreedays

'#&
andbeabsentforthisadditionaltimethatyoudidntgivehermoneyeverytimeshewasthere,did

(#'
you?
)$(

A.Noteverytimeshewasthere.
|*%)
Q.Okay.Soitwasonlysomeofthetwoorthreedayperiodsshewouldbetherethatyou


gaveher$10or$20?


A.Correct.


Q.Andpartofthat$10or$20youwereexpectinghertouseforfood,right?
t
A.Correct.
`
Afterreviewingtherecord,wefindthatthesupportMr.MooreprovidedMrs.Badyduring

8
thefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingD.L.B.sbirthwasunreasonable.Mr.MooreprovidedMrs.

$t
Badywithaplacetostayapproximatelyoncepermonthfortwoorthreedayseachmonthand

`
sometimesgaveMrs.Bady$10or$20whichheexpectedhertouseforfood.Undersection361
L
102(1)(A)(iii),abandonmentconstitutesthewillfulfailuretomakereasonablepaymentstowardthe

8
supportofthechildsmotherduringthefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthechildsbirth.We

$
findnothingreasonableaboutthepaymentsMr.MooremadetoMrs.Badyduringthefourmonths


priortoD.L.B.sbirth.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminated


undersection361102(1)(A)(iii).

TheNicklesonsalsoarguethatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunderthe

p
groundsstatedinsection361113(g)(3)(A)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(3)(A)

\
states:
H
`(3)(A)Thechildhasbeenremovedfromthehomeoftheparentor
4
`guardianbyorderofacourtforaperiodofsix(6)monthsand:
p
`(i)Theconditionswhichledtothechildsremovalorotherconditions
H
`whichinallreasonableprobabilitywouldcausethechildtobe
4
`subjectedtofurtherabuseorneglectandwhich,therefore,prevent
 
`thechildssafereturntothecareoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)still

`persist;

`(ii)Thereislittlelikelihoodthattheseconditionswillberemedied

`atanearlydatesothatthechildcanbesafelyreturnedtotheparent(s)
l
`orguardian(s)inthenearfuture;and
X 
`(iii)Thecontinuationoftheparentorguardianandchildrelationship
0"
`greatlydiminishesthechildschancesofearlyintegrationintoasafe,
#l!
`stableandpermanenthome.
$X"
Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(3)(A)(2001).
%0!$
Section361113(g)(3)(A)appliesonlyinthecaseofachildthathasbeenremovedfromthehome

'#&
ofaparent.D.L.B.wasnotremovedfromthehomeofMr.Moore.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.

(#'
Mooresparentalrightsshouldnotbeterminatedonthebasisofsection361113(g)(3)(A).
)$(


|*%)
TheNicklesonsassertthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunderthe


groundsstatedinsection361113(g)(8)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(8)states:


`(8)(A)Thechanceryandcircuitcourtsshallhavejurisdictionin
t
`anadoptionproceeding,andthechancery,circuit,andjuvenile
`
`courtsshallhavejurisdictioninaseparate,independentproceeding
L
`conductedpriortoanadoptionproceedingtodetermineifthe
8
`parentorguardianismentallyincompetenttoprovideforthe
$t
`furthercareandsupervisionofthechild,andtoterminatethat
`
`parentsorguardiansrightstothechild.
L
`(B)Thecourtmayterminatetheparentalorguardianshiprightsof
$
`thatpersonifitdeterminesonthebasisofclearandconvincing

`evidencethat:

`(i)Theparentorguardianofthechildisincompetenttoadequately

`provideforthefurthercareandsupervisionofthechildbecausethe
p
`parentsorguardiansmentalconditionispresentlysoimpairedand
\
`issolikelytoremainsothatitisunlikelythattheparentorguardian
H
`willbeabletoassumeorresumethecareofandresponsibilityfor
4
`thechildinthenearfuture;and
p
`(ii)Thatterminationofparentalorguardianrightsisinthebest
H
`interestofthechild.
4
`(C)Inthecircumstancesdescribedundersubdivisions(A)and(B),

`nowillfulnessinthefailureoftheparentorguardiantoestablish

`theparentsorguardiansabilitytocareforthechildneedbeshown

`toestablishthattheparentalorguardianshiprightsshouldbe

`terminated.
l
Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(8)(2001).
D!
WefindnoevidenceintherecordthatMr.Mooreismentallyincompetentormentallyimpaired.

#l!
Accordingly,wefindthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldnotbeterminatedonthebasisof

$X"
section361113(g)(8).
$D #
Finally,theNicklesonsarguethatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunder

&"%
thegroundsstatedinsection361113(g)(9)(A)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(9)(A)

'#&
states:
(#'
`(9)(A)Theparentalrightsofanypersonwhoisnotthelegal
)$(
`parentorguardianofachildorwhoisdescribedin361117
|*%)
`(b)or(c)mayalsobeterminatedbaseduponanyone(1)ormore
h+&*
`ofthefollowingadditionalgrounds:

`(i)Thepersonhasfailed,withoutgoodcauseorexcuse,topay


`areasonableshareofprenatal,natal,andpostnatalexpenses
t
`involvingthebirthofthechildinaccordancewiththepersons
`
`financialmeanspromptlyuponthepersonsreceiptofnoticeof
L
`thechildsimpendingbirth;
8
`(ii)Thepersonhasfailed,withoutgoodcauseorexcuse,tomake
`
`reasonableandconsistentpaymentsforthesupportofthechildin
L
`accordancewiththechildsupportguidelinespromulgatedbythe
8
`departmentpursuantto365101;
$
`(iii)Thepersonhasfailedtoseekreasonablevisitationwiththe

`child,andifvisitationhasbeengranted,hasfailedtovisit

`altogether,orhasengagedinonlytokenvisitation,asdefinedin

`361102(1)(C);
p
``(iv)Thepersonhasfailedtomanifestanabilityandwillingness
H
`toassumelegalandphysicalcustodyofthechild;
4
`(v)Placingcustodyofthechildinthepersonslegalandphysical
\
`custodywouldposeariskofsubstantialharmtothephysicaland
H
`psychologicalwelfareofthechild;or
4
`(vi)Thepersonhasfailedtofileapetitiontoestablishpaternity
 
`ofthechildwithinthirty(30)daysafternoticeofallegedpaternity

`bythechildsmother,orasrequiredby362318(j),orafter

`makingaclaimofpaternitypursuantto361117(c)(3).

Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(9)(A)(2001)(emphasisadded).
l
Mr.Moorearguesthatsection361113(g)(9)(A)isinapplicabletohimbecausethissection

D!
onlyappliestononlegalparents.Legalparentisdefinedbysection361102(28)oftheTennessee

0"
Code,inpertinentpart,as:
#l!
`(D)Amanwhohasbeenadjudicatedtobethelegalfatherofthe
$D #
`childbyanycourtoradministrativebodyofthisstateoranyother
%0!$
`stateorterritoryorforeigncountryorwhohassigned,pursuantto
&"%
`247113,683203(g),683302,and683305(b),anunrevoked
'#&
`andswornacknowledgmentofpaternityundertheprovisionsof
(#'
`Tennesseelaw,orwhohassignedsuchaswornacknowledgment
)$(
`pursuanttothelawofanyotherstate,territory,orforeigncountry;
|*%)

h+&*
Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(28)(2001).

WefindthatMr.MoorewasadjudicatedtobeD.L.B.slegalparentfollowingthejuvenilecourts



September15,2000orderestablishingD.L.B.asalegitimatechildofMr.Mooreforalllawful

t
purposes.Section361113(g)(9)(A)specificallystatesthatitonlyappliestopersonswhoarenot

`
legalparents.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.Mooresparentalrightscannotbeterminatedunder

L
section361113(g)(9)(A)becauseMr.Mooreisalegalparent.
8
Wenotethattheeasternsectionofthiscourtrecentlydecidedacasethatisfactuallysimilar

`
tothecaseatbar.InJonesv.Garrett,No.E200000196COAR3CV,2001Tenn.App.Lexis840,

L
*1(Tenn.Ct.App.Nov.9,2001),AmyPenland( Ms.Penland)notifiedPierceGarrett( Mr.

8
Garrett)onOctober7,1997,thatshewaspregnantwithhischild.Seeid.at*3.OnJanuary30,

$
1998,C.L.J.wasborn,andMs.PenlandsurrenderedC.L.J.totheJonesesforadoption.Seeid.at


*12.InMarch,1998,apaternitytestrevealedthatMr.GarrettwasthefatherofC.L.J.Seeid.at


*3.OnMay26,1998,Mr.Garrettfiledapetitiontoestablishpaternity.Seeid.Thetrialcourt


sustainedthepetitiontoestablishpaternity.Seeid.OnAugust13,1998,thetrialcourtfoundthat


Mr.Garrettfailedtofileapetitiontoestablishpaternitywithinthirtydaysafterreceivingnoticeand

p
terminatedMr.Garrettsparentalrightsonthebasisofsection361113(g)(9)(A)(iv).Mr.Garrett

\
appealed.
H
Onappeal,Mr.Garrettarguedthatbecauseintheproceedingonthepetitiontoestablish

p
paternity,hewasfoundtobethelegalfatherofC.L.J.,section361113(g)(9)(A)didnotapplyto

\
him.Seeid.at*5.Inresponsetothisargument,thecourtofappealsstated, Weseenothinginthe

H
Statutethatsupportsthisinsistence.Id.Thecourtofappealsaffirmedthetrialcourtonthisissue

4
butremandedthiscasetothetrialcourtforadeterminationthatterminationofparentalrightswas

 
inthebestinterestofC.L.J.Whilewearehesitanttoholdcontrarytoadecisionbyanothersection


ofthiscourt,wenotethattheJonesopinionisnotcontrolling,asithasnotbeenreportedinthe


officialreporter.SeeTenn.S.Ct.R.4(H)(1)&(2).Furthermore,theTennesseeSupremeCourt


grantedMr.GarrettspermissiontoappealthiscaseonApril1,2002.Asofthedateofthisopinion,


thesupremecourthadnotyetdecidedthismatter.
l
Thethirdissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherterminationofparentalrightsisinthe

D!
bestinterestofD.L.B.Section361113(i)oftheTennesseeCodeprovidescourtswiththefollowing

0"
factorstoconsiderwhenmakingabestinterestdetermination:
#l!
`(i)Indeterminingwhetherterminationofparentalorguardianship
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`rightsisinthebestinterestofthechildpursuanttothispart,the
%0!$
`courtshallconsider,butisnotlimitedto,thefollowing:
&"%
`(1)Whethertheparentorguardianhasmadesuchanadjustment
(#'
`ofcircumstance,conduct,orconditionsastomakeitsafeandin
)$(
`thechildsbestinteresttobeinthehomeoftheparentorguardian;
|*%)

h+&*
`(2)Whethertheparentorguardianhasfailedtoeffectalasting

`adjustmentafterreasonableeffortsbyavailablesocialservices


`agenciesforsuchdurationoftimethatlastingadjustmentdoesnot


`reasonablyappearpossible;
t
`(3)Whethertheparentorguardianhasmaintainedregularvisitation
L
`orothercontactwiththechild;
8
`(4)Whetherameaningfulrelationshiphasotherwisebeenestablished
`
`betweentheparentorguardianandthechild;
L
`(5)Theeffectachangeofcaretakersandphysicalenvironmentis
$
`likelytohaveonthechildsemotional,psychological,andmental

`condition;

`(6)Whethertheparentorguardian,orotherpersonresidingwith

`theparentorguardian,hasshownbrutality,physical,sexual,
p
`emotionalorpsychologicalabuse,orneglecttowardthechild,or
\
`anotherchildoradultinthefamilyorhousehold;
H
`(7)Whetherthephysicalenvironmentoftheparentsorguardians
p
`homeishealthyandsafe,whetherthereiscriminalactivityinthe
\
`home,orwhetherthereissuchuseofalcoholorcontrolledsubstances
H
`asmayrendertheparentorguardianconsistentlyunabletocare
4
`forthechildinasafeandstablemanner;
 
`(8)Whethertheparentsorguardiansmentaland/oremotional

`statuswouldbedetrimentaltothechildorpreventtheparentor

`guardianfromeffectivelyprovidingsafeandstablecareand

`supervisionforthechild;or
l
`(9)Whethertheparentorguardianhaspaidchildsupport
D!
`consistentwiththechildsupportguidelinespromulgatedbythe
0"
`departmentpursuantto365101.
#l!
Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(i)(2001).
$D #
Inreviewingtheaforementionedfactors,weagreewiththechancerycourtthattermination

&"%
ofMr.MooresparentalrightsisinD.L.B.sbestinterest.D.L.B.isaspecialneedschildwho

'#&
requiresconstanttreatmentandsupervisiontoprogressdevelopmentallyduetohersensory

(#'
integrationproblems.TherecordrevealsthatMr.Moorehasmadenoefforttoeducatehimself

)$(
concerningD.L.B.ssensoryintegrationproblemsortoarrangefortrainingtomeetherneeds.

|*%)
D.L.B.ssensoryintegrationproblemscausehertohaveproblemswithtransitionandchange.
h+&*
D.L.B.haslivedwiththeNicklesonsforalmostfouryearsandconsiderstheNicklesonsherfamily.


Mrs.NicklesonprovidesD.L.B.withtwentyfourhourtreatmentforhersensoryintegration



problemsduetoMrs.Nicklesonscertificationinthisfield.Asaresult,theexpertproofattrial



showedthatD.L.B.wouldlikelyregressdevelopmentallyandhaveamajorsetbackiftakenoutof

t
herpresentenvironmentinthatshewouldbecomewithdrawn,demonstratemoresensoryintegration

`
problems,andlosetheprogressshehasmade.
L
WefindthatitishighlyunlikelythatMr.MoorecouldprovideD.L.B.withtheconstant

$t
treatmentandsupervisionsherequirestoprogressdevelopmentally.Mr.Mooreworksfivetosix

`
daysaweekforseventotenhoursperday.Mr.Mooressistertestifiedthatshewouldcarefor

L
D.L.B.whileMr.Moorewasatwork,butsheisalreadyacaretakerforhermother,three

8
grandchildren,androommate.Mr.MoorestatedthatifhissisterdidnotcareforD.L.B.,thenhe

$
wouldplaceD.L.B.indaycarewhilehewasatwork.Theexperttestimonyshowed,however,that


daycarewasnotanoptionforD.L.B.duetohersensoryintegrationproblems.Theexpertproofalso


showedthatitwouldbedetrimentaltoD.L.B.srespiratoryproblemstolivewithMr.Moorewho


smokescigarettes.Finally,therecordrevealsthatMr.Moorefailedtodevelopameaningful


relationshipwithD.L.B.duringtheirvisitation.Accordingly,wefindthatterminationofparental

p
rightsisinthebestinterestofD.L.B.
\
@SS#IV.Conclusion
4
Fortheforegoingreasons,thedecisionofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.Weremandthiscase

\
tothetrialcourtforfurtherproceedingsconsistentwiththisopinion.Costsofthisappealaretaxed

H
againsttheAppellant,DavidMoore,andhissurety,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary.#
XSXXXq##
XXSC#
XSX
4
`h___________________________________

`hALANE.HIGHERS,JUDGE

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