Acne Creams/Gels Teens Teen

Top Picks - Top Natural Acne Creams/Gels You are here: About > Teens > Teen Advice > Puberty & Body Image > Acne Treatments > Top Picks - Top Natural Acne Creams/Gels Teens Teen Advice Essentials QUIZ: Ready for sex? QUIZ: Are you in love? QUIZ: Will your love last? QUIZ: Kissing I.Q. Teen Advice How Tos Topics Quizzes Teen Life FAQs/Q&A's Fact Sheets for Teens Crisis Lines & Advice Girl Stuff Guy Stuff Sex & Abstinence Suicide & Depression Teen Pregnancy Love and Dating Violence & Bullying Drugs & Alchohol Puberty & Body Image Birth Control & STDs Top Picks & Reviews Buyer's Guide Before You Buy Top Picks Product Reviews Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Teen Advice newsletter! See Online Courses Search Teen Advice Guide Picks - Top 5 Natural Acne Creams/Gels Every teen needs a good daily/frequent use acne fighting gel or cream. Not only do these products fight existing blemishes but theyhelp reduce the frequency of future breakouts. When used as directed, these products can make a big difference to the overallappearance of your skin. Whether you prefer a medicated product or an all natural one, there is something out there for you. Check outour 5 favorite all natural acne cream/gels. 1) PhytoMe Acne Gel The non-drying formula soothes the skin without causing further irritation. PhytoMe Acne Gel can handle the most stubborn breakouts and the analgesic properties of the Arnica fight acne related pain. When used regularly, PhytoMe Acne Gel can unclog pores and significantly reduce the instances of breakouts. Effectively deals with pustules, whiteheads and blackheads. Read Review Manufacturer's Site 2) Pure Pores Blackhead Remover & Pore Minimizer Gel From JOEY New York, natural beauty products. This miracle daily use gel will remove blackheads, shrink large pores and absorb excess oil... and it will do it all in 60 seconds!The gentle, all-natural formula is non-drying and contains a specially balanced blend of fruit acids and organic botanicals. Get clear, clean skin fast, with the science of nature. Read Review -- 3) Acnesil A non-drying, completely natural acne remedy. Acnesil works by promoting a healthy moisture balance in your skin while destroying the bacteria that causes of the acne. It attacks the acne causing bacteria on your face leaving the essential moisturebalance untouched. Made from a 10% Melaleuca Alternifolia (tea tree oil) solution blended with other proven natural acne fighting ingredients. Read Review -- Manufacturer's Site 4) Zia Natural Skincare Balancing Elixir A therapeutic blend of essential oils and phytonutrients that treat skin problems at their source. Can be used twice daily and is greatunder make-up or moisturizers. For best results, follow the instructions on the package. The natural ingredients get to work restoring a balanceto your face, combatting existing acne and eliminating future breakouts. Read Review -- 6) Desert Essence Blemish Stick A Tea Tree Oil touch-stick blended with other known natural acne fighters.Just dab it on to troubled spots during the day (before make-up) and evening (before bed). The all-natural ingredients go towork immediately, killing bacteria and restoring sin's pH balance. This all natural product is 100% vegetarian and doesnot test on animals. Read Review -- Related Guide Picks Related Resources • Top Overall Acne Fighting Products • Top Medicated Acne Creams/Gels • Top Medicated Acne Cleansers • Top Medicated Acne Scrubs • Top Medicated Acne Masks • Top Medicated Overnight Treatments Top Natural Acne Creams/Gels --• Top Natural Acne Cleansers • Top Natural Acne Scrubs • Top Natural Acne Masks • Top Natural Overnight Treatments • Top Acne Fighting Essential Oils • Before You Buy Acne Products • 10 Things You Oughta Know About Zits • Essential Oils for Teens • Dealing with Puberty Important product disclaimer information about this About site. From Mike Hardcastle , Your Guide to Teen Advice . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Advertisement Most Popular Is it Love? A teen advice quiz that can help you decide. tee... Are You Ready to Have Sex? A 45 Question Quiz - Give us 20 m... Are you a good kisser? A quick and easy quiz to help you det... Will your love last? A quick and easy True or False quiz to ... Is it lust or love? A quick and easy quiz to help you sort t... What's Hot She Says... He Says 3 credit cards - secure credit cards - creditrating - financia... Mr. Right? Miss Perfect? Scare Tactics Common Untruths Unveiled Spotting a cheater. Related Topics Astrology Beauty Christian Teens Dating Teen Fashion Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About Tips to Losing Weight Guide to Distance Learning How to Travel for Less PHOTOS: Italy PHOTOS: Hybrid Cars What's Hot She Says... He Says 3 credit cards - secure credit cards - creditrating - financia... Mr. Right? Miss Perfect? Scare Tactics Common Untruths Unveiled Spotting a cheater. Headlines She Says... He Says...How do I French Kiss my guy? One question, two answers, one from a girl's perspective and... 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Man Skin Care

Mens Skin Care - Face Moisturizers for Men with SPF You are here: About > Style > Men's Fashion / Grooming > Grooming - Face > Mens Skin Care - Face Moisturizers for Men with SPF Style Men's Fashion / Grooming Essentials My Favorite Premium Denim Jeans for Men 10 Easy Ways to Look Younger Valentine's Day Gift Mistakes to Avoid 4 Tips to Treat and Avoid Ingrown Hairs 4 Tips on Dressing for a Job Interview Topics Wardrobe Basics Seasonal Style Dressing on a Budget Dressing to Impress Suits Shoes, Belts and More Glossary Shopping Caring for Your Clothes Inside Fashion Grooming - Face Grooming - Body Grooming - Hair Celebrity Style Buyer's Guide Luxe Gifts for Guys The Newest Men's Fragrances on the Market My Favorite Men's Polo Shirts My Favorite Men's Scarves Watches for Men Under $300 Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Men's Fashion / Grooming newsletter! See Online Courses Search Men's Fashion / Grooming Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Most Popular More Medium Length Hairstyles Short Men's Hairstyles In and Out Men's Hairstyles More Men's Short Hairstyles Get the Haircut You Want What's Hot Lacoste Spring / Summer '06 2006 Globes Best Dressed Men John Varvatos Summer 05 Suits 10 Ways to Look Younger 2006 Globes Fashion Fumbles Top 7 Mens Skin Care - Face Moisturizers for Men with SPF Guide Picks From Daniel Billett , Your Guide to Men's Fashion / Grooming . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Face Moisturizers for Men with SPF It’s not news that premature aging to the skin is caused by exposure to the sun. Skin cancer risk is also significantly increased. However, sun damage is avoidable by making sure you use sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays. So part of men' daily skin care regime should include using a moisturizer with an SPF of 15 or higher all year-round, even on cloudy days. I have highlighted 6 of the best facial moisturizers for men with SPF. 1) Anthony Logistics For Men Anthony Facial Moisturizer with SPF 15 Extracts of bilberry, sugarcane, maple sugar , orange and lemon erase fine lines and blotches, panthenol retains moisture, vitamins A, C, D and E nourish. Protects the skin with SPF 15, helps minimize the signs of aging. Anthony Logistics For Men is a multi-functional, multi-benefit, naturedbased personal care system of skincare and bath and body products designed for men. The products are easy to understand with specific ingredients that are geared to a man's skin. Buy Direct 2) DDF Daily Protective Moisturizer with SPF 15 A fragrance-free, daily moisturizer that protects from environmental damage with a lightweight, comfortable, non-greasy feel. DDF (Doctor's Dermatologic Formula) offers the most comprehensive preventative and restorative skincare solutions available without a prescription. Uniquely formulated to help skin cells naturally regenerate, DDF blends proven dermatologic ingredients with marine, herbal and botanical bio-actives. Buy Direct 3) Jack Black Double-Duty Face Moisturizer with SPF 20 Double Duty is an advanced moisturizing treatment with a built-in sunscreen. It's the perfect daily moisturizer for the active guy to help shield skin from premature aging due to sun exposure. Jack Black is a line of high performance shaving, skin care, sun protection and grooming products designed exclusively for men that goes beyond soap and water. Nothing complicated, nothing cosmetic. Just superior products designed with guys in mind. Buy Direct 4) Defend SPF 15 Face Moisturizer from ZIRH Defend SPF 15 protects the skin from the harmful effects of the sun as it provides essential moisture. Enriched with natural avocado oil to moisturize, nourish, condition, and help increase water-soluble collagen content in the dermis skin layer. Zirh (pronounced zûr) is a leading manufacturer of high end men's care products with an emphasis on quality ingredients. Buy Direct 5) Peter Thomas Roth Max Daily Defense Moisture Cream with SPF 30 Max Daily Defense Moisture Cream is an anti-oxidant sunblock and moisturizer in one greaseless, user-friendly day cream. This product is dermatologist, clinically, and allergy tested. Suitable for all skin types. Fragrance free. Peter Thomas Roth has breakthrough formulations to deal with oily and acne-prone skin, skin discolorations, and fine lines and wrinkles. 6) Peter Thomas Roth All Day Moisture Defense Cream with SPF 20 All Day Defense Moisture Cream is a sunblock and moisturizer in one greaseless, user-friendly day cream. Blended with anti-oxidant micellized vitamins A and E and an SPF 20, this cream is dermatologist, clinically, and allergy tested. Suitable for all skin types. Fragrance free, oil free. Peter Thomas Roth has breakthrough formulations to deal with oily and acne-prone skin, skin discolorations, and fine lines and wrinkles. Buy Direct 7) Anthony Logistics For Men Oil Free Facial Lotion SPF 15 Moisturize and smooth with silk amino acids, soothe with aloe and chamomile, retain moisturize with glycerin. Leaves skin soft, but less oily--more matte and free of imperfections. Anthony Logistics For Men is a multi-functional, multi-benefit, naturedbased personal care system of skincare and bath and body products designed for men. The products are easy to understand with specific ingredients that are geared to a man's skin. Buy Direct Important product disclaimer information about this About site. Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About Tips to Losing Weight Guide to Distance Learning How to Travel for Less PHOTOS: Italy PHOTOS: Hybrid Cars What's Hot Lacoste Spring / Summer '06 2006 Globes Best Dressed Men John Varvatos Summer 05 Suits 10 Ways to Look Younger 2006 Globes Fashion Fumbles

Bady Care

WPC v9]:S9tArU|Sm43]93 4dN.Dg?-5uYi3j%4}^raCi=kV7o)tPP^kh?$E82?N?8MSJ(O'lP_=U#:Eu?~hEf?b#\%UN#0qUN1uG72zh^:wF1J4q7NmE')))))))))))))))))))))))b11111111111111111111111111111111111109999B$$0AD3D-0KEEAS00DMAHP LaserJet 4 Plus,,,,,,0(9Z6Times New Roman Regular(`$.8dd8("Z6Times New Roman Regular3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt-s05CEKQW]cioAutoList11.A.1.1.1.1.1.1.],?2lJLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 53|xU- -(|G2$!.8dd80d(|3($!.8dd8VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $Figure1^_X`YE &* birthcertificate.OnOctober20,1998,theTennesseeDepartmentofChildrensServices( DCS)+*'+ filedadependencyandneglectpetitionintheJuvenileCourtofShelbyCounty.Thedependency,(, andneglectpetitionallegedthatD.L.B.wasadependentandneglectedchildduetoMrs.Badys-)- historyofdrugabuseandfailuretomaintainastablehome.Thejuvenilecourtenteredaprotective custodyorderrecommendingthatD.L.B.beplacedinthecustodyofDCS. OnOctober29,1998,D.L.B.wasdischargedfromTheMedintothecustodyofDCS.DCSt referredD.L.B.totheAGAPEagencyforfostercareplacement.AGAPEplacedD.L.B.inthefoster` homeoftheAppellees,DonaldandDeniseNickleson( theNicklesons).D.L.B.haslivedwiththeL NicklesonsfromOctober,1998untilthepresentday.D.L.B.hasrespiratoryproblemsaswellas8 sensoryintegrationproblemswhichdelayherdevelopmentinoccupationalperformanceareassuch$t asfinemotorskillsandgrossmotorskills.Mrs.Nicklesonisalicensedphysicaltherapistwitha` specialcertificationinsensoryintegrationassessment,evaluation,andtreatment.Mrs.NicklesonL privatelyseespatientsfromwithinherhomeandprovidesD.L.B.withconstanttherapyforher8 sensoryintegrationproblems.$ OnMay15,2000,CourtAppointedSpecialAdvocateofMemphisandShelbyCounty ( CASA)filedapetitionforterminationofparentalrightsofMrs.Bady,herhusbandJessieBady ( Mr.Bady),andallunknownfathersofD.L.B.OnJuly12,2000,ahearingonthepetitionfor terminationofparentalrightswasheld.Mr.Mooreappearedatthehearingandclaimedtobethep fatherofD.L.B.ThejuvenilecourtenteredanorderterminatingtheparentalrightsofMr.andMrs.\ Bady.OnAugust15,2000,CASAfiledanamendedpetitionforterminationofparentalrightstoH addMr.MooreastheputativefatherofD.L.B.4 DCSfiledapetitioninthejuvenilecourtagainstMr.MooretoestablishparentageofD.L.B.\ OnAugust18,2000,Mr.MooresubmittedtoapaternitytestwhichconfirmedthathewasD.L.B.sH father.OnSeptember15,2000,thejuvenilecourtenteredanorderestablishingMr.Mooreasthe4 naturalfatherofD.L.B.andrequiringMr.Mooretopaychildsupportintheamountof$210.00per month.ThejuvenilecourtalsoorderedMr.MooretopayallmedicalexpensesrelatedtoD.L.B.s birth,D.L.B.smedicalinsurance,thecostofthepaternitytest,andcourtcosts.InOctober,2000, Mr.Mooremadehisfirstchildsupportpayment,andbeginninginNovember,2000,Mr.Moores wagesweregarnishedtomakethechildsupportpayments.Mr.Mooreneverpaidanymedical expensesrelatedtoD.L.B.sbirth,D.L.B.smedicalinsurance,thecostofthepaternitytest,orcourtl costsasorderedbythejuvenilecourt.X InNovember,2000,thejuvenilecourtappointedSusanHinsley( Ms.Hinsley)asthe0" guardianadlitem.OnNovember2,2000,Mr.MoorecontactedDCSandrequestedvisitationwith#l! D.L.B.Mr.MooresfirstsupervisedvisitwithD.L.B.occurredonNovember13,2000.On$X" November16,2000,DCSrequestedthatCASAwithdrawitspetitionforterminationofparental$D # rightsagainstMr.Moore.InitsNovember28,2000quarterlyprogressreport,DCSchangedits%0!$ permanencyplangoalfrom adoptionto returntoparent.AtajudicialreviewofD.L.B.scase,&"% DCSrequestedthejuvenilecourttochangethegoalfrom adoptionto returntoparent.On'#& November28,2000,thejuvenilecourtdeniedDCSrequesttochangethegoalto returntoparent(#' butorderedthatvisitationbetweenMr.MooreandD.L.B.continue.Mr.Mooreengagedinfourteen)$( supervisedvisitswithD.L.B.fromNovember13,2000throughJanuary29,2001andfromMarch|*%) 29,2001throughApril27,2001.h+&* ?OnJanuary12,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotiontointerveneinthejuvenilecourt proceedings.OnJanuary29,2001,Mr.MoorefiledaresponsetotheNicklesonsmotionto intervene.OnJanuary31,2001,Mr.Moorefiledamotioninthejuvenilecourttomodifytheplan ofcaretoreflectachangeto returntoparentandtohavecustodyawardedtohim.AlsoonJanuaryt 31,2001,theNicklesonsfiledapetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptionintheChancery` CourtofShelbyCounty.TheNicklesonsthennotifiedthejuvenilecourtthattheyhadfiledaL petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptioninthechancerycourt.8 OnFebruary1,2001,CASAmadeanoralmotiontodismisstheirpetitiontoterminate` parentalrightsofMr.Moorefiledinthejuvenilecourt.TheNicklesonsobjectedtoCASAsmotionL todismiss.ThejuvenilecourtenteredanorderwhichsuspendedrulingonCASAsmotionto8 dismissduetothefilingoftheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptionin$ thechancerycourt.Thechancerycourtthenreferredthepartiesbacktothejuvenilecourttorequest furtherrulingonCASAsmotiontodismiss.OnFebruary5,2001,theNicklesonsfiledanamended petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptioninthechancerycourtwhichnamedDCSasan additionalrespondentduetoitsfailuretoconsenttoterminationofMr.Mooresparentalrights. AlsoonFebruary5,2001,theNicklesonssentalettertoDCSindicatingthatvisitationwith\ Mr.MoorewasnotinD.L.B.sbestinterestandinformingDCSthattheyweregoingtowaitonanH orderfromthechancerycourtbeforeallowingvisitationtocontinue.TheNicklesonsclaimthat4 visitationwithMr.MoorehadcausedD.L.B.toregressinhertoilettrainingandtobecomemore p clingytoMrs.Nicklesonfollowingvisitation.TheNicklesonsalsoclaimthatvisitationexacerbated\ D.L.B.s rocking,sittingupinbedandrepeatedlybangingherbackagainstherbedasameansofH selfstimulation.OnMarch6,2001,Mr.Moorefiledaresponsetotheamendedpetitiontoterminate4 parentalrightsandforadoptionwhichincludedanapplicationforinjunctiverelief.Theapplication forinjunctivereliefallegedthattheNicklesonshadrefusedtocomplywiththejuvenilecourtsgrant ofvisitationtoMr.MooresinceFebruary5,2001andrequestedthatthechancerycourtorderthat D.L.B.bemadeavailableforvisitation.OnMarch8,2001,DCSfiledaresponsetotheamended petitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoption.OnMarch19,2001,Mr.Moorefiledamotion inthechancerycourttodismisstheNicklesonspetitionandamendedpetitiontoterminateparentall rightsandforadoption.X OnMarch22,2001,thejuvenilecourtenteredanorderdismissingCASAspetitionto0" terminateparentalrightsfiledinthejuvenilecourt.OnMarch28,2001,thechancerycourtentered#l! anorderappointingMs.Hinsleyasthetemporaryguardianadlitem.Followingherinvestigation,$X" Ms.Hinsleyfiledananswertothepetitiontoterminateparentalrights.Ms.Hinsleysanswerstated$D # thatMr.Moorehadfailedtoshowasufficientwillingnessandabilitytoassumelegalandphysical%0!$ custodyofD.L.B.TheanswerstatedthatD.L.B.wouldnotreceivethetherapysheneedsifsheis&"% placedwithMr.MooreandthatplacingD.L.B.withMr.Moorewouldposeariskofsubstantial'#& harmtothephysicalandpsychologicalwelfareofD.L.B.Finally,theanswerassertedthatMr.(#' MoorewasincompetenttoadequatelyprovideforD.L.B.becausehismentalconditionwasso)$( impairedthatitwasunlikelythatMr.MoorewouldbeabletoassumecareofD.L.B.inthenear|*%) future.Ms.HinsleyrecommendedthatthechancerycourtterminateMr.Mooresparentalrights. ?OnMarch29,2001,thechancerycourtheldahearingonMr.Mooresapplicationfor injunctiverelief.OnApril6,2001,thechancerycourtenteredanordergrantingsupervisedt visitationtoMr.Moore.OnApril19,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotiontoamendtheorder` grantingsupervisedvisitation.OnApril24,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotionforleavetofileaL secondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoptiontoallegeadditionalgrounds8 forterminationofparentalrights.OnApril27,2001,thechancerycourtheldahearingonthe$t motiontoamendtheordergrantingsupervisedvisitation.OnMay24,2001,thechancerycourt` grantedtheNicklesonsmotionforleavetofileasecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalL rightsandforadoption.Thechancerycourtalsograntedthemotiontoamendtheordergranting8 supervisedvisitationandterminatedthesupervisedvisitationuponafindingthatthevisitationwas$ adverselyaffectingD.L.B.spsychologicalwellbeingandwasnotinherbestinterest.The Nicklesonsfiledthesecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandforadoption. OnMay25,2001,theNicklesonsfiledamotiontoappointthemasthetemporaryguardians ofD.L.B.andsuspendtheauthorityofDCSoverD.L.B.OnJune5,2001,theNicklesonsfiledap motiontorequireMr.Mooretobeprofessionallyevaluated.OnJune11,2001,thechancerycourt\ heldahearingonthetwomotions.ThechancerycourtenteredanorderdenyingtheNicklesonsH motiontoappointthemasthetemporaryguardiansofD.L.B.andsuspendtheauthorityofDCSover4 D.L.B.andtheNicklesonsmotiontorequireMr.Mooretobeprofessionallyevaluated.OnJune p 1927,2001,thetrialontheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrightswasheld.OnJune20,\ 2001,Mr.MoorefiledaresponsetothesecondamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsandH foradoption.OnJune25,2001,theNicklesonsmadeamotionforadirectedverdict.Thechancery4 courtdeniedthemotionforadirectedverdict. Followingthetrial,thechancerycourtdirectedthepartiestosubmitproposedfindingsof fact.OnJuly12,2001,theNicklesonssubmittedtheirproposedfindingsoffactandconclusionsof law.OnJuly23,2001,Mr.Mooresubmittedhisproposedfindingsoffact.OnAugust8,2001,the chancerycourtenteredanorderterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrights.Thechancerycourtfoundl thatMr.MooreabandonedD.L.B.becauseforaperiodoffourconsecutivemonthsimmediatelyX precedingCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledinthejuvenilecourt,Mr.MooreD! willfullyfailedtovisitandmakepaymentstowardthesupportofD.L.B.Thechancerycourtalso0" foundthatitwasinD.L.B.sbestinteresttoterminateMr.Mooresparentalrights.Thisappeal#l! followed.$X" @II.StandardofReview&"% Parentshaveafundamentalrighttothecare,custody,andcontroloftheirchildren.See(#' Stanleyv.Illinois,405U.S.645,651(1972).Thisrightisnotabsolute,however,andparentalrights)$( maybeterminateduponafindingbyclearandconvincingevidencethatthegroundsfortermination|*%) ofparentalrightshavebeenestablishedandthatterminationisinthebestinterestofthechild.Seeh+&* Tenn.CodeAnn.36-1-113(c)(2001).Clearandconvincingevidenceisevidencewhich eliminatesanyseriousorsubstantialdoubtconcerningthecorrectnessoftheconclusiontobedrawn fromtheevidence.Itshouldproduceinthefactfindersmindafirmbelieforconvictionwithregard tothetruthoftheallegationssoughttobeestablished.ODanielv.Messier,905S.W.2d182,188t (Tenn.Ct.App.1995)(citationsomitted).` Underthisheightenedstandardofreview,wemustfirstreviewthetrialcourtsfindingsin8 accordancewithsection13(d)oftheTennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure.Thatreviewisde$t novowithapresumptionofcorrectnessastothetrialcourtsfactualfindings,unlessthe` preponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise.SeeTenn.R.App.P.13(d).Forissuesoflaw,theL standardofreviewisdenovo,withnopresumptionofcorrectness.SeeRidingsv.RalphM.Parsons8 Co.,914S.W.2d79,80(Tenn.1996).Wemustthendeterminewhetherthefactsmakeoutaclear$ andconvincingcaseinfavorofterminatingparentalrights.SeeInreDrinnon,776S.W.2d96,100 (Tenn.Ct.App.1988). @00III.LawandAnalysis Thefollowingissues,asweperceivethem,arepresentedforourreview:\ 1.WhetherthetrialcourterredbyterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrightsonthebasisofwillful4 abandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i)oftheTennesseeCode; p (503!!2.WhetherothergroundstosupportterminationofMr.Mooresparentalrightsexist;and\ 3.WhetherterminationofparentalrightsisinthebestinterestofD.L.B.H Wewillexamineeachissueinturn.4 ThefirstissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherthetrialcourterredbyterminatingMr. Mooresparentalrightsonthebasisofwillfulabandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).Under theprovisionsofsection361113(g)(1)oftheTennesseeCode,terminationofparentalrightsmay bebaseduponaparentsabandonmentofhisorherchild.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(1) (2001).Section361102definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,as:l `(1)(A)(i)Foraperiodoffour(4)consecutivemonthsimmediatelyD! `precedingthefilingofaproceedingorpleadingtoterminatethe0" `parentalrightsoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)ofthechildwhois#l! `thesubjectofthepetitionforterminationofparentalrightsor$X" `adoption,thattheparent(s)orguardian(s)eitherhavewillfully$D # `failedtovisitorhavewillfullyfailedtosupportormake%0!$ `reasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechild;&"% `(B)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), tokensupportmeans'#& `thatthesupport,underthecircumstancesoftheindividual(#' `case,isinsignificantgiventheparentsmeans;)$( `(C)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), tokenvisitationh+&* `meansthatthevisitation,underthecircumstancesofthe `individualcase,constitutesnothingmorethanperfunctory `visitationorvisitationofsuchaninfrequentnatureorofsuch `shortdurationastomerelyestablishminimalorinsubstantialt `contactwiththechild;` `(D)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), willfullyfailedto8 `supportor willfullyfailedtomakereasonablepayments$t `towardsuchchildssupportmeansthat,foraperiodof` `four(4)consecutivemonths,nomonetarysupportwaspaidL `orthattheamountofsupportpaidistokensupport;8 `(E)Forpurposesofthissubdivision(1), willfullyfailedto `visitmeansthewillfulfailure,foraperiodoffour(4) `consecutivemonths,tovisitorengageinmorethantoken `visitation. Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(E)(2001).\ InInreSwanson,2S.W.3d180(Tenn.1999),theTennesseeSupremeCourtfoundtheabove4 definitionsof willfullyfailedtosupportand willfullyfailedtomakereasonablepaymentstoward p suchchildssupporttobeunconstitutionalbecausethey ineffectcreateanirrebuttable\ presumptionthatthefailuretoprovidemonetarysupportforthefourmonthsprecedingthepetitionH toterminateparentalrightsconstitutesabandonment,irrespectiveofwhetherthatfailurewas4 intentional.Id.at188.TheSwansoncourtheldthatthedefinitionasitexistedundertheprior statuteshouldbeapplieduntilthelegislatureamendsthestatute.Seeid.at189. Undertheprior statute,thedefinitionofabandonedchildcontainedanelementofintentbothinfailurestovisitand failurestosupport.Id.at189n.14(citingTenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(i)(Supp.1994)). Tennesseecourtshavedefinedabandonmentas anyconductonthepartoftheparentwhichl evincesasettledpurposetoforegoallparentaldutiesandrelinquishallparentalclaimstothechild.X ExparteWolfenden,348S.W.2d751,755(Tenn.Ct.App.1961)(citationsomitted).TheevidenceD! ofabandonmentmustshow anactualdesertion,accompaniedwithanintentiontoentirelysever,0" sofarasitispossibletodoso,theparentalrelationshipandthrowoffallobligationsgrowingout#l! ofthesame.Fancherv.Mann,432S.W.2d63,65(Tenn.Ct.App.1968)(citationomitted).$X" Abandonmentmaybefoundonlywhen,giventhebenefitofeverycontrovertedfact,aninference$D # ofabandonmentfollowsasamatteroflaw.Seeid.at66.%0!$ Inthecaseatbar,thechancerycourtfoundthatMr.MoorewillfullyabandonedD.L.B.in'#& thathewillfullyfailedtovisitandwillfullyfailedtosupportD.L.B.duringthefourmonths(#' immediatelyprecedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenile)$( court.Mr.Moorearguesthatthechancerycourterredbylookingtothefourmonthsimmediately|*%) precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourtratherthanh+&* thefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingoftheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparental rightsinthechancerycourt.Wemustdeterminetherelevantfourmonthperiod. AtthetrialontheNicklesonspetitiontoterminateparentalrights,thechancerycourtt discussedwhyitconsideredthefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingofCASAspetition` toterminateparentalrightsbystatingthefollowing:L `[I]nregardtothegroundsofabandonment,Ireadthatstatute$t `literallyintermsofwhatdateImsupposedtolookat.Andin` `thestatuteitsaysthefilingofanypetition.Anditsaysapetition.L `SoImusingthetriggeringdateasthedatethatanactionwas8 `filedinJuvenileCourt,andnotwhentheadoptionpetitionwas$ `filedinChancery.Now,Ithink,Imayreadandinterpretthat `differentlythanyou.IthinkyouwereusingtheJanuarydate `whentheadoptionproceedingwasfiledinChanceryCourt.But `asIreadthestatute,ittalksaboutthefilingofapetitionandit `talksaboutanypetition,soIreaditjustasitappears.Andthep `firstpetitiontoterminatewasfiledinJuvenileCourt,andIthink\ `thatwasbackinMayof2000.Sothatisthetrigger,andIwillH `belookingathisconductandhisactivitiesbeforeMayof20004 `inmakingadeterminationaboutwhetherornotheabandoned p `thischild.\ Thetrialcourtsdiscussionofthephrases apetitionand anypetitionrefertosection361H 102(1)(A)(i)andsection361102(F),respectively.Section361102(1)(A)(i)definesabandonment4 as: `Foraperiodoffour(4)consecutivemonthsimmediately `precedingthefilingofaproceedingorpleadingtoterminate `theparentalrightsoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)ofthechild `whoisthesubjectofthepetitionforterminationofparental `rightsoradoption,thattheparent(s)orguardian(s)eitherhavel `willfullyfailedtovisitorhavewillfullyfailedtosupportorX `makereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechild.D! ?0" Tenn.CodeAnn.36112(1)(A)(i)(emphasisadded).#l! Section361102(1)(F)states: Abandonmentmaynotberepentedofbyresumingvisitationor$D # supportsubsequenttothefilingofanypetitionseekingtoterminateparentalorguardianshiprights%0!$ orseekingtheadoptionofachild.Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(F)(emphasisadded).&"% Whencalledupontointerpretastatute,thisCourtsprimaryobjectiveistoeffectuatethe(#' intentandpurposeofthelegislature.SeeLipscombv.Doe,32S.W.3d840,844(Tenn.2000).This)$( Courtshoulddeterminetheintentofthelegislaturebylookingtothenaturalandordinarymeaning|*%) ofthewordsusedinthestatute,andnotbyaconstructionthatisforcedorwhichlimitsorextendsh+&* themeaning.Seeid. Whenthelanguageofthestatuteisclearandunambiguous,thenthisCourt usuallyappliestheplainlanguageofthestatutetoresolvetheissue.Id.Whenapproaching statutorytext,thisCourtmustpresumethatthelegislaturesaysinastatutewhatitmeansandmeans inastatutewhatitsaysthere.SeeWorleyv.Weigels,Inc.,919S.W.2d589,593(Tenn.1996)t (citationomitted).Accordingly,wemustconstruestatutesastheyarewritten,andoursearchforthe` meaningofstatutorylanguagemustalwaysbeginwiththestatuteitself.SeeNeffv.CherokeeIns.L Co.,704S.W.2d1,3(Tenn.1986);Jacksonv.Jackson,210S.W.2d332,334(Tenn.1948).8 Section361102(1)(A)(i)definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,astheparentswillful` failuretovisitortosupportormakereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofthechildforaperiodL offourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthefilingof aproceedingorpleadingtoterminateparental8 rights.Thestatutedoesnotreferto theproceedingorpleadingwhich,inthecaseatbar,would$ referencethechancerycourttotheparticularpetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledbythe Nicklesons.Rather,undertheplainandordinarymeaningofthewords aproceedingorpleading, thestatutereferencesthechancerycourttoCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsfiledinthe juvenilecourt.Moreimportantly,however,section361102(1)(F)statesthataparentmaynot repentofabandonmentbyresumingvisitationorsupportsubsequenttothefilingof anypetitionp toterminateparentalrights.Thus,undertheplainandordinarymeaningofsection361102(1)(F),\ onceanypetitiontoterminateparentalrightshasbeenfiled,aparentmaynotthenrepentofhisorH herabandonment.Thismeansthatforpurposesofthecaseatbar,thoughMr.Moorebegan4 visitationandsupportfollowingthefilingofCASAsamendedpetitiontoterminateparentalrights, p Mr.Moorecouldnotrepentofhispriorabandonmentbecausethisoccurredsubsequenttothefiling\ ofanypetitiontoterminateparentalrights.BecauseweconstruethestatuteaccordingtoitsplainH andordinarymeaning,wefindthattherelevantfourmonthperiodisthefourmonthsimmediately4 precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt. Mr.MooreadmittedthatheknewthatD.L.B.wasinthecustodyofDCSbeginningin December,1998,buthefailedtocontactDCStorequestvisitationuntilNovember,2000,sixmonths followingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.Mr.Moore neverpaidanysupporttoD.L.B.untilOctober,2000,fivemonthsfollowingthefilingofCASAsl petitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.Asaresult,theevidencesupportstheX chancerycourtsfindingthatMr.MoorewillfullyfailedtovisitandwillfullyfailedtosupportorD! makereasonablepaymentstowardthesupportofD.L.B.duringthefourmonthsimmediately0" precedingthefilingofCASAspetitiontoterminateparentalrightsinthejuvenilecourt.#l! Accordingly,weaffirmthetrialcourtsorderterminatingMr.Mooresparentalrightsonthebasis$X" ofwillfulabandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).$D # Thesecondissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherothergroundstosupporttermination&"% ofMr.Mooresparentalrightsexist.ThoughtheNicklesonsassertedseveralgroundsuponwhich'#& tobaseterminationofparentalrights,thechancerycourtonlyaddressedthegroundofwillful(#' abandonmentundersection361102(1)(A)(i).Wewilladdresseachgroundforterminationof)$( parentalrightsasassertedbytheNicklesons.|*%) h+&* TheNicklesonsclaimthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminateduponan additionalgroundforabandonmentasdefinedbysection361102(1)(A)(iii)oftheTennesseeCode. Section361102(1)(A)(iii)definesabandonment,inpertinentpart,as: `(1)(A)(iii)Abiologicalorlegalfatherhaseitherwillfullyfailed` `tovisitorwillfullyfailedtomakereasonablepaymentstowardL `thesupportofthechildsmotherduringthefour(4)months8 `immediatelyprecedingthebirthofthechild;provided,thatinno$t `instanceshallafinalorderterminatingtheparentalrightsofa` `parentasdeterminedpursuanttothissubdivision(iii)beenteredL `untilatleastthirty(30)dayshaveelapsedsincethedateofthe8 `childsbirth;$ Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(1)(A)(iii)(2001). Mr.MooremetMrs.Badywhenhesolicitedherforaprostitutiondateandpaidhertwenty dollars.Mr.MooreclaimedthathedevelopedarelationshipwithMrs.Bady,andshestayedathisp houseapproximatelyonceamonthfortwoorthreedayseachmonth.Sixweeksintoherpregnancy\ withD.L.B.,Mrs.BadynotifiedMr.Moorethathewasthefatherofherchild.AtthetrialontheH petitiontoterminateparentalrights,theNicklesonsattorneyquestionedMr.Mooreasfollows:4 Q.AndyoutestifiedtodayandyoutestifiedataprevioustimeIbelieveastoyouwouldgive\ [Mrs.Bady]$10or$20sometimesifshewasgoingtobuyfoodorclothes;isthatcorrect?H A.Correct.4 Q.Andwhenshewasatyourhouse,youwerehavingasexualrelationship,wereyounot? A.Correct. Q.Andthatwaswhileshewaspregnantwith[D.L.B.]? A.Correct. Q.Andisntittruethatwhenyouresayingthatshewaslivingatyourhouse,whatwas happeningwasshewasstayingtwoorthreedaysandgoingawayforamonthandcomingbackandl stayingtwoorthreemoredaysandgoingawayforamonth?SometimeslongerthanmonthandX sometimesshewouldstayalittlelongerthantwoorthreedays?D! A.Correct.0" Q.Andyoucallthatlivingthere?#l! A.Yes.$X" Q.Andthatsthesupportyouweregivingherwastheplacetosleepandfoodwhileshewas$D # there?%0!$ A.Correct.&"% Q.Anddidyounotalsotestifythatontheoccasionsthatshewastherefortwoorthreedays'#& andbeabsentforthisadditionaltimethatyoudidntgivehermoneyeverytimeshewasthere,did(#' you?)$( A.Noteverytimeshewasthere.|*%) Q.Okay.Soitwasonlysomeofthetwoorthreedayperiodsshewouldbetherethatyou gaveher$10or$20? A.Correct. Q.Andpartofthat$10or$20youwereexpectinghertouseforfood,right?t A.Correct.` Afterreviewingtherecord,wefindthatthesupportMr.MooreprovidedMrs.Badyduring8 thefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingD.L.B.sbirthwasunreasonable.Mr.MooreprovidedMrs.$t Badywithaplacetostayapproximatelyoncepermonthfortwoorthreedayseachmonthand` sometimesgaveMrs.Bady$10or$20whichheexpectedhertouseforfood.Undersection361L 102(1)(A)(iii),abandonmentconstitutesthewillfulfailuretomakereasonablepaymentstowardthe8 supportofthechildsmotherduringthefourmonthsimmediatelyprecedingthechildsbirth.We$ findnothingreasonableaboutthepaymentsMr.MooremadetoMrs.Badyduringthefourmonths priortoD.L.B.sbirth.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminated undersection361102(1)(A)(iii). TheNicklesonsalsoarguethatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunderthep groundsstatedinsection361113(g)(3)(A)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(3)(A)\ states:H `(3)(A)Thechildhasbeenremovedfromthehomeoftheparentor4 `guardianbyorderofacourtforaperiodofsix(6)monthsand: p `(i)TheconditionswhichledtothechildsremovalorotherconditionsH `whichinallreasonableprobabilitywouldcausethechildtobe4 `subjectedtofurtherabuseorneglectandwhich,therefore,prevent `thechildssafereturntothecareoftheparent(s)orguardian(s)still `persist; `(ii)Thereislittlelikelihoodthattheseconditionswillberemedied `atanearlydatesothatthechildcanbesafelyreturnedtotheparent(s)l `orguardian(s)inthenearfuture;andX `(iii)Thecontinuationoftheparentorguardianandchildrelationship0" `greatlydiminishesthechildschancesofearlyintegrationintoasafe,#l! `stableandpermanenthome.$X" Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(3)(A)(2001).%0!$ Section361113(g)(3)(A)appliesonlyinthecaseofachildthathasbeenremovedfromthehome'#& ofaparent.D.L.B.wasnotremovedfromthehomeofMr.Moore.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.(#' Mooresparentalrightsshouldnotbeterminatedonthebasisofsection361113(g)(3)(A).)$( |*%) TheNicklesonsassertthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunderthe groundsstatedinsection361113(g)(8)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(8)states: `(8)(A)Thechanceryandcircuitcourtsshallhavejurisdictionint `anadoptionproceeding,andthechancery,circuit,andjuvenile` `courtsshallhavejurisdictioninaseparate,independentproceedingL `conductedpriortoanadoptionproceedingtodetermineifthe8 `parentorguardianismentallyincompetenttoprovideforthe$t `furthercareandsupervisionofthechild,andtoterminatethat` `parentsorguardiansrightstothechild.L `(B)Thecourtmayterminatetheparentalorguardianshiprightsof$ `thatpersonifitdeterminesonthebasisofclearandconvincing `evidencethat: `(i)Theparentorguardianofthechildisincompetenttoadequately `provideforthefurthercareandsupervisionofthechildbecausethep `parentsorguardiansmentalconditionispresentlysoimpairedand\ `issolikelytoremainsothatitisunlikelythattheparentorguardianH `willbeabletoassumeorresumethecareofandresponsibilityfor4 `thechildinthenearfuture;and p `(ii)ThatterminationofparentalorguardianrightsisinthebestH `interestofthechild.4 `(C)Inthecircumstancesdescribedundersubdivisions(A)and(B), `nowillfulnessinthefailureoftheparentorguardiantoestablish `theparentsorguardiansabilitytocareforthechildneedbeshown `toestablishthattheparentalorguardianshiprightsshouldbe `terminated.l Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(8)(2001).D! WefindnoevidenceintherecordthatMr.Mooreismentallyincompetentormentallyimpaired.#l! Accordingly,wefindthatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldnotbeterminatedonthebasisof$X" section361113(g)(8).$D # Finally,theNicklesonsarguethatMr.Mooresparentalrightsshouldbeterminatedunder&"% thegroundsstatedinsection361113(g)(9)(A)oftheTennesseeCode.Section361113(g)(9)(A)'#& states:(#' `(9)(A)Theparentalrightsofanypersonwhoisnotthelegal)$( `parentorguardianofachildorwhoisdescribedin361117|*%) `(b)or(c)mayalsobeterminatedbaseduponanyone(1)ormoreh+&* `ofthefollowingadditionalgrounds: `(i)Thepersonhasfailed,withoutgoodcauseorexcuse,topay `areasonableshareofprenatal,natal,andpostnatalexpensest `involvingthebirthofthechildinaccordancewiththepersons` `financialmeanspromptlyuponthepersonsreceiptofnoticeofL `thechildsimpendingbirth;8 `(ii)Thepersonhasfailed,withoutgoodcauseorexcuse,tomake` `reasonableandconsistentpaymentsforthesupportofthechildinL `accordancewiththechildsupportguidelinespromulgatedbythe8 `departmentpursuantto365101;$ `(iii)Thepersonhasfailedtoseekreasonablevisitationwiththe `child,andifvisitationhasbeengranted,hasfailedtovisit `altogether,orhasengagedinonlytokenvisitation,asdefinedin `361102(1)(C);p ``(iv)ThepersonhasfailedtomanifestanabilityandwillingnessH `toassumelegalandphysicalcustodyofthechild;4 `(v)Placingcustodyofthechildinthepersonslegalandphysical\ `custodywouldposeariskofsubstantialharmtothephysicalandH `psychologicalwelfareofthechild;or4 `(vi)Thepersonhasfailedtofileapetitiontoestablishpaternity `ofthechildwithinthirty(30)daysafternoticeofallegedpaternity `bythechildsmother,orasrequiredby362318(j),orafter `makingaclaimofpaternitypursuantto361117(c)(3). Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(g)(9)(A)(2001)(emphasisadded).l Mr.Moorearguesthatsection361113(g)(9)(A)isinapplicabletohimbecausethissectionD! onlyappliestononlegalparents.Legalparentisdefinedbysection361102(28)oftheTennessee0" Code,inpertinentpart,as:#l! `(D)Amanwhohasbeenadjudicatedtobethelegalfatherofthe$D # `childbyanycourtoradministrativebodyofthisstateoranyother%0!$ `stateorterritoryorforeigncountryorwhohassigned,pursuantto&"% `247113,683203(g),683302,and683305(b),anunrevoked'#& `andswornacknowledgmentofpaternityundertheprovisionsof(#' `Tennesseelaw,orwhohassignedsuchaswornacknowledgment)$( `pursuanttothelawofanyotherstate,territory,orforeigncountry;|*%) h+&* Tenn.CodeAnn.361102(28)(2001). WefindthatMr.MoorewasadjudicatedtobeD.L.B.slegalparentfollowingthejuvenilecourts September15,2000orderestablishingD.L.B.asalegitimatechildofMr.Mooreforalllawfult purposes.Section361113(g)(9)(A)specificallystatesthatitonlyappliestopersonswhoarenot` legalparents.Accordingly,wefindthatMr.MooresparentalrightscannotbeterminatedunderL section361113(g)(9)(A)becauseMr.Mooreisalegalparent.8 Wenotethattheeasternsectionofthiscourtrecentlydecidedacasethatisfactuallysimilar` tothecaseatbar.InJonesv.Garrett,No.E200000196COAR3CV,2001Tenn.App.Lexis840,L *1(Tenn.Ct.App.Nov.9,2001),AmyPenland( Ms.Penland)notifiedPierceGarrett( Mr.8 Garrett)onOctober7,1997,thatshewaspregnantwithhischild.Seeid.at*3.OnJanuary30,$ 1998,C.L.J.wasborn,andMs.PenlandsurrenderedC.L.J.totheJonesesforadoption.Seeid.at *12.InMarch,1998,apaternitytestrevealedthatMr.GarrettwasthefatherofC.L.J.Seeid.at *3.OnMay26,1998,Mr.Garrettfiledapetitiontoestablishpaternity.Seeid.Thetrialcourt sustainedthepetitiontoestablishpaternity.Seeid.OnAugust13,1998,thetrialcourtfoundthat Mr.Garrettfailedtofileapetitiontoestablishpaternitywithinthirtydaysafterreceivingnoticeandp terminatedMr.Garrettsparentalrightsonthebasisofsection361113(g)(9)(A)(iv).Mr.Garrett\ appealed.H Onappeal,Mr.Garrettarguedthatbecauseintheproceedingonthepetitiontoestablish p paternity,hewasfoundtobethelegalfatherofC.L.J.,section361113(g)(9)(A)didnotapplyto\ him.Seeid.at*5.Inresponsetothisargument,thecourtofappealsstated, WeseenothingintheH Statutethatsupportsthisinsistence.Id.Thecourtofappealsaffirmedthetrialcourtonthisissue4 butremandedthiscasetothetrialcourtforadeterminationthatterminationofparentalrightswas inthebestinterestofC.L.J.Whilewearehesitanttoholdcontrarytoadecisionbyanothersection ofthiscourt,wenotethattheJonesopinionisnotcontrolling,asithasnotbeenreportedinthe officialreporter.SeeTenn.S.Ct.R.4(H)(1)&(2).Furthermore,theTennesseeSupremeCourt grantedMr.GarrettspermissiontoappealthiscaseonApril1,2002.Asofthedateofthisopinion, thesupremecourthadnotyetdecidedthismatter.l ThethirdissuepresentedforourreviewiswhetherterminationofparentalrightsisintheD! bestinterestofD.L.B.Section361113(i)oftheTennesseeCodeprovidescourtswiththefollowing0" factorstoconsiderwhenmakingabestinterestdetermination:#l! `(i)Indeterminingwhetherterminationofparentalorguardianship$D # `rightsisinthebestinterestofthechildpursuanttothispart,the%0!$ `courtshallconsider,butisnotlimitedto,thefollowing:&"% `(1)Whethertheparentorguardianhasmadesuchanadjustment(#' `ofcircumstance,conduct,orconditionsastomakeitsafeandin)$( `thechildsbestinteresttobeinthehomeoftheparentorguardian;|*%) h+&* `(2)Whethertheparentorguardianhasfailedtoeffectalasting `adjustmentafterreasonableeffortsbyavailablesocialservices `agenciesforsuchdurationoftimethatlastingadjustmentdoesnot `reasonablyappearpossible;t `(3)WhethertheparentorguardianhasmaintainedregularvisitationL `orothercontactwiththechild;8 `(4)Whetherameaningfulrelationshiphasotherwisebeenestablished` `betweentheparentorguardianandthechild;L `(5)Theeffectachangeofcaretakersandphysicalenvironmentis$ `likelytohaveonthechildsemotional,psychological,andmental `condition; `(6)Whethertheparentorguardian,orotherpersonresidingwith `theparentorguardian,hasshownbrutality,physical,sexual,p `emotionalorpsychologicalabuse,orneglecttowardthechild,or\ `anotherchildoradultinthefamilyorhousehold;H `(7)Whetherthephysicalenvironmentoftheparentsorguardians p `homeishealthyandsafe,whetherthereiscriminalactivityinthe\ `home,orwhetherthereissuchuseofalcoholorcontrolledsubstancesH `asmayrendertheparentorguardianconsistentlyunabletocare4 `forthechildinasafeandstablemanner; `(8)Whethertheparentsorguardiansmentaland/oremotional `statuswouldbedetrimentaltothechildorpreventtheparentor `guardianfromeffectivelyprovidingsafeandstablecareand `supervisionforthechild;orl `(9)WhethertheparentorguardianhaspaidchildsupportD! `consistentwiththechildsupportguidelinespromulgatedbythe0" `departmentpursuantto365101.#l! Tenn.CodeAnn.361113(i)(2001).$D # Inreviewingtheaforementionedfactors,weagreewiththechancerycourtthattermination&"% ofMr.MooresparentalrightsisinD.L.B.sbestinterest.D.L.B.isaspecialneedschildwho'#& requiresconstanttreatmentandsupervisiontoprogressdevelopmentallyduetohersensory(#' integrationproblems.TherecordrevealsthatMr.Moorehasmadenoefforttoeducatehimself)$( concerningD.L.B.ssensoryintegrationproblemsortoarrangefortrainingtomeetherneeds.|*%) D.L.B.ssensoryintegrationproblemscausehertohaveproblemswithtransitionandchange.h+&* D.L.B.haslivedwiththeNicklesonsforalmostfouryearsandconsiderstheNicklesonsherfamily. Mrs.NicklesonprovidesD.L.B.withtwentyfourhourtreatmentforhersensoryintegration problemsduetoMrs.Nicklesonscertificationinthisfield.Asaresult,theexpertproofattrial showedthatD.L.B.wouldlikelyregressdevelopmentallyandhaveamajorsetbackiftakenoutoft herpresentenvironmentinthatshewouldbecomewithdrawn,demonstratemoresensoryintegration` problems,andlosetheprogressshehasmade.L WefindthatitishighlyunlikelythatMr.MoorecouldprovideD.L.B.withtheconstant$t treatmentandsupervisionsherequirestoprogressdevelopmentally.Mr.Mooreworksfivetosix` daysaweekforseventotenhoursperday.Mr.MooressistertestifiedthatshewouldcareforL D.L.B.whileMr.Moorewasatwork,butsheisalreadyacaretakerforhermother,three8 grandchildren,androommate.Mr.MoorestatedthatifhissisterdidnotcareforD.L.B.,thenhe$ wouldplaceD.L.B.indaycarewhilehewasatwork.Theexperttestimonyshowed,however,that daycarewasnotanoptionforD.L.B.duetohersensoryintegrationproblems.Theexpertproofalso showedthatitwouldbedetrimentaltoD.L.B.srespiratoryproblemstolivewithMr.Moorewho smokescigarettes.Finally,therecordrevealsthatMr.Moorefailedtodevelopameaningful relationshipwithD.L.B.duringtheirvisitation.Accordingly,wefindthatterminationofparentalp rightsisinthebestinterestofD.L.B.\ @SS#IV.Conclusion4 Fortheforegoingreasons,thedecisionofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.Weremandthiscase\ tothetrialcourtforfurtherproceedingsconsistentwiththisopinion.CostsofthisappealaretaxedH againsttheAppellant,DavidMoore,andhissurety,forwhichexecutionmayissueifnecessary.#XSXXXq##XXSC#XSX4 `h___________________________________ `hALANE.HIGHERS,JUDGE

facial plastic and reconstructive

AAFPRS - Facial Plastic Surgery Today The AAFPRS publishes a 4-page newsletter once every quarter to provide consumers with up-to-date information on facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Facial Plastic Surgery Today features three articles on facial plastic surgery procedures and regular columns on What's New? Beauty/Health Tips and Ask the Surgeon. To request a copy of this newsletter, please send us an e-mail . Current Issues: First Quarter 2006, Vol. 20, No. 1 Past Issues: Fourth Quarter 2005, Vol. 19, No. 4 Third Quarter 2005, Vol. 19, No. 3 Second Quarter 2005, Vol. 19, No. 2 First Quarter 2005, Vol. 19, No. 1 Fourth Quarter 2004, Vol. 18, No. 4 Third Quarter 2004, Vol. 18, No. 3 Second Quarter 2004, Vol. 18, No. 2 F irst Quarter 2004, Vol. 18, No. 1 First Quarter 2003, Vol. 17, No. 1 Second Quarter 2003, Vol. 17, No. 2 Third Quarter 2003, Vol. 17, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 2003, Vol. 17, No. 4 First Quarter 2002, Vol. 16, No. 1 Second Quarter 2002, Vol. 16, No. 2 Third Quarter 2002, Vol. 16, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 2002, Vol. 16, No. 4 First Quarter 2001, Vol. 15, No. 1 Second Quarter 2001, Vol. 15, No. 2 Third Quarter 2001, Vol. 15, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 2001, Vol. 15, No. 4 First Quarter 2000, Vol. 14, No. 1 Second Quarter 2000, Vol. 14, No. 2 Third Quarter 2000, Vol. 14, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 2000, Vol. 14, No. 4 First Quarter 1998, Vol. 12, No. 1 Second Quarter 1998, Vol. 12, No. 2 Third Quarter 1998, Vol. 12, No. 3 First Quarter 1997, Vol. 11, No. 1 Second Quarter 1997, Vol. 11, No. 2 Third Quarter 1997, Vol. 11, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 1997, Vol. 11, No. 4 First Quarter 1996, Vol. 10, No. 1 Second Quarter 1996, Vol. 10, No. 2 Third Quarter 1996, Vol. 10, No. 3 Fourth Quarter 1996, Vol. 10, No. 4

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