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Physical Changes: Pregnancy: Merck Manual Home Edition Search Recent Searches Index Sections A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders Cancer Children's Health Issues Digestive Disorders Disorders of Nutrition and Metabolism Drugs Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders Eye Disorders Fundamentals Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders Hormonal Disorders Immune Disorders Infections Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders Liver and Gallbladder Disorders Lung and Airway Disorders Men's Health Issues Mental Health Disorders Mouth and Dental Disorders Skin Disorders Special Subjects Women's Health Issues view all sections In This Topic PhysicalChanges Back to Top Section Women's Health Issues Subject Pregnancy Topics Introduction · Detectingand Dating a Pregnancy · MedicalCare · PhysicalChanges · Self-Care · Stages of Development PhysicalChanges Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations amniotic fluid angioma candidiasis colostrum corticosteroid edema esophagus eustachian tube herpes gestationis human chorionic gonadotropin hyperthyroidism melanin melanocytes melasma pancreas prednisone progesterone spider angioma triamcinolone trichomoniasis ultrasonography urticaria uterus Pregnancy causes manychanges in a woman's body. Most of them disappear after delivery.In some women, certain disorders, such as a skin rash or gestationaldiabetes (see Pregnancy at High-Risk: Gestational Diabetes ), develop during pregnancy. Some symptomsshould be immediately reported to a doctor if they occur duringpregnancy. They include the following: persistent headaches persistent nausea and vomiting dizziness disturbances of eyesight pain or cramps in the lower abdomen contractions vaginal bleeding leakage of amniotic fluid (described as "the water breaks") swelling of the hands or feet decreased or increased urine production any illness or infection General Health Fatigue is common, especiallyin the first 12 weeks and again in late pregnancy. Getting enoughrest is important. ReproductiveTract By 12 weeks of pregnancy,the enlarging uterus may cause the woman's abdomen to protrude slightly.The uterus continues to enlarge throughout pregnancy. The enlarginguterus extends to the level of the navel by 20 weeks and to thelower edge of the rib cage by 36 weeks. The amount of normal vaginaldischarge, which is clear or whitish, commonly increases. This increaseis usually normal. However, if the discharge has an unusual color orsmell or is accompanied by vaginal itching and burning, a womanshould see her doctor. Such symptoms may indicate a vaginal infection.Some vaginal infections, such as trichomoniasis (a protozoan infection)and candidiasis (a yeast infection), are common during pregnancyand can be easily treated (see Vaginal Infections ). Breasts The breasts tend to enlargebecause hormones (mainly estrogen) are preparing the breasts formilk production. The breasts enlarge because the glands that producemilk gradually increase in number and become able to produce milk.The breasts may feel firm and tender. Wearing a bra that fits properlyand provides support may help. During the last weeksof pregnancy, the breasts may produce a thin, yellowish or milkydischarge (colostrum). Colostrum is alsoproduced during the first few days after delivery, before breastmilk is produced. This fluid, which is rich in minerals and antibodies, isthe breastfed baby's first food. Heartand Blood Flow During pregnancy, thewoman's heart must work harder because as the fetus grows, the heartmust pump more blood to the uterus. By the end of pregnancy, theuterus is receiving one fifth of the woman's blood supply. Duringpregnancy, the amount of blood pumped by the heart (cardiac output)increases by 30 to 50%. As cardiac output increases, the heart rateat rest speeds up from a normal prepregnancy rate of about 70 beatsper minute to 80 or 90 beats per minute. During exercise, cardiacoutput and heart rate increase more when a woman is pregnant thanwhen she is not. During labor, cardiac output increases by an additional10%. After delivery, cardiac output decreases rapidly at first,then more slowly. It returns to the prepregnancy level about 6 weeksafter delivery. Certainheart murmurs and irregularities in heart rhythm may appear becausethe heart is working harder. Sometimes a pregnant woman may feelthese irregularities. Such changes are normal during pregnancy.However, certain abnormal heart rhythms, which occur more oftenin pregnant women, may require treatment. Bloodpressure usually decreases during the 2nd trimester but may returnto a normal prepregnancy level in the 3rd trimester. The volumeof blood increases by 50% during pregnancy. The amount of fluidin the blood increases more than the number of red blood cells (whichcarry oxygen). The result is mild anemia, which is normal. For reasonsnot clearly understood, the number of whiteblood cells (which fight infection) increases slightly during pregnancyand markedly during labor and the first few days after delivery. The enlarging uterusinterferes with the return of blood from the legs and the pelvic areato the heart. As a result, swelling(edema) is common, especially in the legs. Varicose veinscommonly develop in the legs and in the area around the vaginalopening (vulva), sometimes causing discomfort. Clothing that is loosearound the waist and legs is more comfortable and does not restrictblood flow. Wearing elastic support hose, resting frequently withthe legs elevated, or lying on the left side usually reduces legswelling and may ease the discomfort caused by varicose veins. Varicose veinsmay disappear after delivery. Urinary Tract Like the heart, the kidneys workharder throughout pregnancy. They filter the increasing volume ofblood. The volume of blood filtered by the kidneys reaches a maximumbetween 16 and 24 weeks and remains at the maximum until immediatelybefore delivery. Then, pressure from the enlarging uterus may slightlydecrease the blood supply to the kidneys. The activityof the kidneys normally increases when a person lies down and decreaseswhen a person stands. This difference is amplified during pregnancy—onereason a pregnant woman needs to urinate frequently while tryingto sleep. Late in pregnancy, lying on the side, particularly theleft side, increases kidney activity more than lying on the back.Lying on the left side relieves the pressure that the enlarged uterusputs on the main vein that carries blood from the legs. As a result,blood flow improves and kidney activity increases. The uterus presses onthe bladder, reducing its size so that it fills with urine morequickly than usual. This pressure also makes a pregnant woman needto urinate more often and more urgently. RespiratoryTract The increased production ofthe hormone progesterone signals the brain to lower the level ofcarbon dioxide in the blood. As a result, a pregnant woman breathes fasterand more deeply to exhale more carbon dioxide and keep the carbondioxide level low. The circumference of the woman's chest enlargesslightly. Virtually every pregnantwoman becomes somewhat more out of breath when she exerts herself,especially toward the end of pregnancy. During exercise, the breathingrate increases more when a woman is pregnant than when she is not. Because more blood isbeing pumped, the lining of the airways receives more blood and swellssomewhat, narrowing the airways. As a result, the nose occasionallyfeels stuffy, and the eustachian tubes (which connect the middleear and back of the nose) may become blocked. The tone and qualityof the woman's voice may change slightly. DigestiveTract Nausea and vomiting,particularly in the mornings (morning sickness), are common. Theymay be caused by the high levels of estrogen and human chorionicgonadotropin (HCG), two hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.Nausea and vomiting may be relieved by changing the diet or patternsof eating. For example, drinking and eating small portions frequently,eating before getting hungry, and eating bland foods (such as bouillon,consommé, rice, and pasta) may help. Eating plain soda crackersand sipping a carbonated drink may relieve nausea. Keeping crackersby the bed and eating one or two before getting up may relieve morningsickness. No drugs specifically designed to treat morning sicknessare currently available. If nausea and vomiting are so intense orpersistent that dehydration, weight loss, or other problems develop,a woman may need to be treated with antiemetic drugs or be hospitalizedtemporarily and given fluids intravenously (see Pregnancy at High-Risk: Hyperemesis Gravidarum ). Heartburnand belchingare common, possibly because food remains in the stomach longerand because the ringlike muscle (sphincter) at the lower end ofthe esophagus tends to relax, allowing the stomach's contents toflow backward into the esophagus. Heartburn can be relieved by eatingsmaller meals, by not bending or lying flat for several hours aftereating, and by taking antacids. However, the antacid sodium bicarbonate shouldnot be used because it contains so much salt (sodium). Heartburnduring the night can be relieved by not eating for several hoursbefore going to bed and by raising the head of the bed or usingpillows to raise the head and shoulders. The stomach producesless acid during pregnancy. Consequently, stomach ulcers rarely developduring pregnancy, and those that already exist often start to heal. As pregnancy progresses,pressure from the enlarging uterus on the rectum and the lower partof the intestine may cause constipation. Constipationmay be worsened because the high level of progesterone during pregnancy slowsthe automatic waves of muscular contractions in the intestine, whichnormally move food along. Eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plentyof fluids, and exercising regularly can help prevent constipation. Hemorrhoids,a common problem, may result from the pressure of the enlarging uterusor from constipation. Stool softeners, an anesthetic gel, or warmsoaks can be used if hemorrhoids hurt. Pica, a cravingfor strange foods or nonfoods (such as starch or clay), may develop.Occasionally, pregnant women, usually those who also have morningsickness, have excess saliva. This symptom may be distressing butis harmless. Skin Mask of pregnancy (melasma)is a blotchy, brownish pigment that may appear on the skin of theforehead and cheeks. The skin surrounding the nipples (areolae)may also darken. A dark line commonly appears down the middle ofthe abdomen. These changes may occur because the placenta producesa hormone that stimulates melanocytes, the cells that make a darkbrown skin pigment (melanin). Pinkstretch marks sometimes appear on the abdomen. This change probablyresults from rapid growth of the uterus and an increase in levelsof adrenal hormones. Smallblood vessels may form a red spiderlike pattern on the skin, usuallyabove the waist. These formations are called spider angiomas. Thin-walled,dilated capillaries may become visible, especially in the lowerlegs. Skin Rashes During Pregnancy Two intensely itchy rashes, urticaria of pregnancy and herpes gestationis, occur only during pregnancy. Urticaria of pregnancy is common. The cause is unknown. Red, irregularly shaped, flat or slightly raised patches appear on the abdomen. The patches sometimes have tiny fluid-filled blisters in the center. Often, the skin around them is pale. The rash spreads to the thighs, buttocks, and occasionally the arms. Hundreds of itchy patches may develop. Typically, the rash appears during the last 2 to 3 weeks of pregnancy and occasionally during the last few days. However, it may occur at any time after the 24th week. Itching is bothersome enough to keep the woman awake at night. Usually, the rash clears up promptly after delivery and does not recur during subsequent pregnancies. Doctors may have difficulty making a definite diagnosis. Herpes gestationis is thought to be caused by abnormal antibodies that attack the body's own tissues—an autoimmune reaction. Blisters often form on the abdomen first, then spread. The blisters are small or large, irregularly shaped, and fluid-filled. The rash can appear any time after the 12th week of pregnancy or immediately after delivery. Typically, the rash worsens soon after delivery and disappears within a few weeks or months. It often reappears during subsequent pregnancies. The baby may be born with a similar rash, which usually disappears without treatment within a few weeks. This rash is diagnosed by removing a tiny piece of affected skin and testing it for abnormal antibodies. For either rash, applying a corticosteroid cream (such as triamcinolone Some Trade Names ARISTOCORT KENACORT KENALOG acetonide) directly to the skin often helps. For more widespread rashes, a corticosteroid (such as prednisone Some Trade Names DELTASONE METICORTEN ) is given by mouth. Hormones Pregnancy affects virtuallyall hormones in the body, mostly because of the effects of hormonesproduced by the placenta. For example, the placenta produces a hormone thatstimulates the woman's thyroidgland to become more active and produce larger amounts of thyroidhormones. When the thyroid gland becomes more active, the heartmay beat faster, causing the woman to become aware of her heartbeat(have palpitations). Perspiration may increase, mood swings may occur,and the thyroid gland may enlarge. The disorder hyperthyroidism,in which the thyroid gland is truly overactive, develops in fewerthan 1% of pregnancies. Levels of estrogenand progesterone increase early in pregnancy because human chorionic gonadotropin,the main hormone the placenta produces, stimulates the ovaries tocontinuously produce them. After 9 to 10 weeks of pregnancy, theplacenta itself produces large amounts of estrogen and progesterone.Estrogen and progesterone help maintain the pregnancy. Duringpregnancy, changes in hormone levels affect how the body handlessugar. Early in pregnancy, the sugar (glucose) level in the bloodmay decrease slightly. But in the last half of pregnancy, the levelmay increase. More insulin Some Trade Names HUMULIN NOVOLIN (which controls the sugar level in the blood) is neededand is produced by the pancreas. Consequently, diabetes, if already present,may worsen during pregnancy. Diabetes can also begin during pregnancy.This disorder is called gestational diabetes (see Pregnancy at High-Risk: Gestational Diabetes ). Joints and Muscles The joints and ligaments(fibrous cords and cartilage that connect bones) in the woman'spelvis loosen and become more flexible. This change helps make roomfor the enlarging uterus and prepare the woman for delivery of thebaby. As a result, the woman's posture changes somewhat. Backachein varying degrees is common, because the spine curves more to balancethe weight of the enlarging uterus. Avoiding heavy lifting, bendingthe knees (not the waist) to pick things up, and maintaining goodposture can help. Wearing flat shoes with good support or a lightweightmaternity girdle may reduce strain on the back. Stages of Pregnancy Although pregnancy involves a continuous process, it is divided into three 3-month periods called trimesters (weeks 0 to 12, 13 to 24, and 25 to delivery). EVENTS WEEKS OF PREGNANCY 1st Trimester The woman's last period before fertilization occurs. 0 Fertilization occurs. The fertilized egg (zygote) develops into a hollow ball of cells called the blastocyst. 2 The blastocyst implants in the wall of uterus. The amniotic sac forms. 3 The area that will become the brain and spinal cord (neural tube) begins to develop. 5 The heart and major blood vessels are developing. The beating heart can be seen during ultrasonography. 6 The beginnings of arms and legs appear. 7 Bones and muscles form. The face and neck develop. Most organs are formed. Brain waves can be detected. The skeleton is formed. Fingers and toes are fully defined. 9 The kidneys begin to function. The fetus can move and respond to touch (when prodded through the woman's abdomen). The woman has gained some weight, and her abdomen may be slightly enlarged. 10 2nd Trimester The fetus's sex can be identified. The fetus can hear. 14 The fetus's fingers can grasp. The fetus moves more vigorously, so that the mother can feel it. The fetus's body begins to fill out as fat is deposited beneath the skin. Hair appears on the head and skin. Eyebrows and eyelashes are present. The placenta is fully formed. 16 The fetus has a chance of survival outside the uterus. The woman begins to gain weight more rapidly. 23-24 3rd Trimester The fetus is active, changing positions often. The lungs continue to mature. The fetus's head moves into position for delivery. On average, the fetus is about 20 inches long and weighs about 7 pounds. The woman's enlarged abdomen causes the navel to bulge. 25 DELIVERY 37-42 Last reviewed/revised February 1, 2003 Back to Top Previous: MedicalCare Next: Self-Care Animation Audio Figures Photographs Pronunciations Sidebar Tables Videos

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Another job scam in Margao | Goenkar.com | Goa.name Goenkar.com | Goa.name Skip navigation . Goa Facts The first Goan football club to lift the Rovers Cup was Dempo Sports Club, in 1975 Latest Articles Portuguese Passport Portuguese Passport psychophysiological No voting rights for 2 Goa MLAs New tariffs from Reliance Infocomm Gehlot urges Youth Congress leaders to be public-centric Goa Rajya Sabha member to be elected on July 14 Parrikar lets the cat out of the bag, says… Rain, wind bring down several trees Court unseats two Goa BJP MLAs Msg me luv Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by Portuguese Reliance Makes State Calls Local SC refuses to stay Goa BJP MLAs' disqualification Another job scam in Margao more Poll Who Should Rule Goa?: The President BJP Congress My Grandma My Podere (baker) older polls | results Travel Goa | Goan.Name | Goa Hosting | Contact Us Home Another job scam in Margao (General) Within a week another incident of job duping has come to light in South Goa with fourteen persons being duped to the tune of Rs 5.98 lakh by promising them jobs in Gulf countries. The Margao town police have registered a cheating case against five persons in this connection. It may be recalled that two days back the Margao town police had arrested one Mr Joseph Rodrigues from Mumbai for allegedly duping job-seekers to the tune of Rs ten lakh. According to the Margao town police inspector, Mr Santosh Dessai an offence under Section 420 has been registered but so far no one has been arrested. The police have registered an offence against Kenedy Lawrenco, Ida Nunes, Abhijit Nagvenker, Concy Alex D’Souza and Thomas. The investigation in the case is being done by PSI, Mr Sudesh Naik. The duped youths are mainly from Sanguem, Fatorda and Ponda. According to the police, the alleged accused have collected amounts ranging from Rs 10,000 to Rs 65,000 from the youths. Mr Pravin Raghuvir Naik (23), a resident of Fatorda, Margao, lodged a complaint at the Margao police station in this regard. In his complaint, Mr Naik said that he and some of his friends were promised jobs in the Gulf countries by the accused, whose names have been provided to the police. In his complaint, Mr Pravin also said that the accused had portrayed to them that they were a reputed recruitment agency, which was in the business of arranging jobs abroad. He further said that he was given a copy of visa document with something written in Arabic and that the document was fake. Mr Pravin has alleged that a similar fake document was shown to some other youths and they too had been duped by the alleged accused. The complainant has also informed the police that after the youths sought refund of the money, one of the accused had issued post-dated cheques, which bounced due to lack of balance in the account. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... next page last page Post new comment Subject: Comment: * Formatting guidelines: Allowed HTML tags: <a> <cite> <code> <ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> Lines and paragraphs break automatically. More information about formatting options Information Goa eBooks / Guides News General Art Gossip Political Sports Tourist World User login Username: Password: Create new account Request new password Navigation create content events recent posts feedback Forum topics Active forum topics: Portuguese Passport Portuguese Passport IFFI psychophysiological AVC-KUWAIT RED & BLACK NITE New forum topics: Portuguese Passport Portuguese Passport psychophysiological AVC-KUWAIT RED & BLACK NITE Goan Monkeys more Who's online There are currently 0 users and 8 guests online. Browse archives « January 2006 Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 home | archives | Articles | blogs | books | events | forums | polls | quotes | search Travel Goa | Goan.Name | Goa Hosting | Contact Us Hosted at GOA Hosting , Managed by AIT

Anti Aging

14th International Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine 2006 Attendees Quick Registration Brochure (PDF) Program (PDF) Who Should Attend? Why Attend? Testimonials Academic Committee Speakers -- Accreditation IHS Brochure (PDF) -- Quick Registration -- Las Vegas Workshop Program (PDF) Sports Medicine Brochure (PDF) -- Quick Registration Las Vegas Mesotherapy Course Brochure (PDF) -- Anti-Aging and Functional Medicine Module I program (PDF) Module II program (PDF) -- Exhibitors Orlando Expo Schedule Who Should Exhibit? Why Exhibit? Testimonials Floor Plan - Orlando Floor Plan - Chicago Floor Plan - Las Vegas Exhibit Booth Space Application (PDF) Exhibitor Terms and Conditions (PDF) 2006 Exhibitors Paris Hotel Las Vegas Travel -- About A4M Antiaging Medicine History & Overview (PDF) A4M Growth Charts Testimonials www.worldhealth.net Customer Service Call : 1.773.528.1000 Fax : 1.773.528.5390 For Exhibitor, Sponsorship, and Advertising Opportunities CALL 1.561.997.0112 International Conferences Conference map Other conferences Past Conferences Las Vegas 2005 -- Chicago 2005 -- Las Vegas 2004 Chicago 2004 A4M Website Biotech Newsletter Get up-to-date news and information on anti-aging, longevity, and sports medicine. Normally a $195 Value Get Yours FREE! Board Exams ABAAM Certification ABAAHP Certification A4M Medical Advisors Robert Goldman PhD, FAASP, DO, FAOASM Chairman A4M Ronald Klatz MD, DO President A4M V. Calabrese MD, PhD E. DeRose MD, PhD Dato Harnam MD, PhD Vernon Howard PhD M. Klentze MD, PhD Seung Yup Ku MD, PhD Avni Sali MD, PhD G. Scapagnini MD, PhD Website Development by PluroTech 14th Annual International Congress On Anti-Aging Medicine The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) Leads The World Again! The A4M World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine is the largest and most influential academic and industry event worldwide in the space of preventative medicine and bio-medical technologies. This new medical specialty ($30 billion Anti-Aging US Marketplace-Dateline NBC, 2001), is expected to grow to $41.94 Billion by 2006 , reflecting an average annual rate (AAGR) of 9% ("Drugs and Cosmetics for Aging Boomers," Business Communications Company, Inc., 2002). A4M, which began its mission in 1993 with just 12 physicians, has now grown into a worldwide international medical society with representation in over 70 countries . Our Academy has trained over 30,000 new physicians in its hands-on scientific, clinical and academic programs, and today influences over 100,000 health professionals via its educational training programs, seminars, board certification programs, videos, website, textbooks, and outreach programs. Beyond this, the physicians of A4M, and the advocacy of aging intervention and biomedical research, has brought millions of new consumers to the realization that "Aging Is Not Inevitable" . "Today's mature adults (boomers) control more than $7 trillion in wealth in the United States" (Harvard Business Review, March 2004), "or 70% of all U.S. wealth. Further, they bring in $2 trillion in annual income, and account for 50% of all discretionary spending ", notes Ken Dychtwald PhD (Associated Press,March 7, 2004). In 1990 it was nearly unthinkable for a respected scientist to suggest that physiologic aging metabolism could be manipulated, slowed, or reversed with drug or biomedical interventions. Today anti-aging biosciences are the rage, with great advances in nanotechnology, genomic research, bio-identical HRT, gene therapy, stem cells, cloning, biomarker testing of aging, and human augmentation. A4M in no small way is responsible for the advances by creating an environment of academic and clinical freedom to allow doctors to combat aging as a disease. In the process we have helped create a rapidly expanding multi-billion dollar industry of which the 14th Annual International Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine 2006 is the "place to be" centerpoint for the real players in this, the next great primary care medical specialty. We invite you to attend and make your mark in the fastest growing new medical specialty, among the most influential physicians, scientists,educators, industrialists, investment bankers and journalists from around the world. Join us in Chicago August 18-21, and be part of a new paradigm of aging.

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Group health insurance GROUP HEALTH INSURANCE Providing protection organist financial foll-out of illness Sep 15 - 21, 1997 Health policy consists of various types of insurance plans. some of which cover a specific kind of medical expenses, such as hospitalisation expenses, and others are broader in scope. This cover is being provided through the mechanism of either group insurance or individual insurance. Health insurance has its roots in the early 20th century, but the earliest crude form of it came in 1885, when an Edinburgh based insurer started issuing policies that provided the compensation payments in the event of certain specified sicknesses. Until about 1950, group health insurance was largely occupied with benefits related to expenses for hospital confinement and surgery. Since about 1951, quite significant advancements have been made to develop much broader plans. Group health policies insure groups of persons. The most common type of groups are the employees of a single employer or an association of employers. This insurance may be provided to employees alone or employees along with their dependents, spouse and children. In some cases, coverage might be extended to a broader classification of dependents. The costs of group health cover maybe paid by the contributions of employees alone or by their employers alone, or can be shared by both in various proportions. Group policies are mainly taken out by employers in the United States and are also more popular than individual cover in France, Switzerland and Canada. There are different brand names of health insurance, like health-care, clini-care, hospitalisation plan, prime-care, health-watch and most simple health cover etc. From small, mature markets like Spain and the Netherlands to the vast populations of China and Barazil, people throughout the world are taking a very serious look at the potential benefits of health insurance. The market has already grown substantially in recent years, and is now set for further continued expansion in the coming century as all the industrial countries already find it hard to contain the medical costs. Joseph M. Juran, says about future, "The 20th Century has been the century of Productivity. The 21st Century will be the century of Quality". In Pakistan, group health cover is developing rapidly and it is a good sign that two leading Pakistan insurers, i.e. EFU General and New Jubilee, have come forward with quality products and services to meet the challenges of the 21st Century. The health cover offered by these companies not only comprehensive, economical and flexible but can also be tailored according to the needs, requirements and the budgetary position of an organisation. As a matter of fact, both the insurance companies are not only introduces of new health-products, but also innovators of quality. EFU is working with a vision "to be the best". This company has a network of offices. Its branches are situated in almost each and every business center of the country to provide a " total quality service". The aim of EFU is to create the finest issuance products and the purpose is not only to please, but leading, professionally managed and the fastest growing organisations of the country. Some salient features of EFU's health cover are: Hospitalisation: This is a core benefit that covers almost all the medical expenses against sickness, surgery of accidental injuries, such as: Room rent charges. Services and supplies (ancillaries) during confinement, i.e. laboratory and X-ray tests, prescription drugs, doctors'/dislocations, therapeutic endoscopic procedures, radium therapy etc. Intensive care unit (ICU) charges. permission diagnostic testing expenses. Surgical benefits, like surgeons fees for any cutting operation including day care surgeries and related operation theater charges, anaesthetist's fees and post-surgical consultations charges. If required, the scope of this plan can be extended to cover the following risks too: 1. Maternity Expense Rider: Covers almost all pregnancy-related hospitalisation. The benefits, included in this rider, are: pre-natal expenses (out-patient expenses before delivery). Delivery fee for the gynecologist/doctor/ licensed midwife and for visits, during confinement. Room charges. Labour room and operation theater charges. Miscellaneous hospital services and supplies. Enhanced limits in cases of multiple births and caesarean sections. Nursery bill for the bady, while the mother is confined to the hospital. Circumcision for bady boys. 2. Outpatient Expense Rider: This is to meet the diagnostic and treatment expenses that incuned without the insured person being hospitalised. The insurer is offering this benefit on reimbursement basis, covering: Charges paid to a general practitioner or specialist in allopathic, homeopathic or herbal medicine. Prescribed medicines. Dental treatment. Physiotherapy/ acupuncture. Diagnostic test, X-ray ECGs, scans, etc. Post -natal consultations and treatment expenses. Eyesight testing fee. Osteopathy (setting of fractures). 3. Critical Illness Expense Rider: Critical illness cover is available as an additional rider. This rider increases the limits under the core hospitalisation policy for the following eight potentially lethal diseases. Myocardial infarction(heart attack); Coronary artery surgery (bypass); Stroke; Renal failure (kidney failure); major Organ transplant; Multiple sclerosis; major burns; Some Other Features of the Product: The insurer has arranged a panel of hospitals, throughout Pakistan, to provide the best services to the insured persons. Thus, round-the-clock, around the country, the hospital's services are available, without the botheration of depositing initial amount/payment of bills by the insured person to hospital, as the bills are to be paid directly by the insurer to the hospitals. Policy may be extended to include eligible dependents, i.e. a wife or husband, unmarried children and parents up to a specified age. Insurer is providing medical advice and counselling, absolutely free. Newborn babies are automatically included in the plan No waiting period for maternity benefits Special converges like major medical, pre and post hospitalisation, Profit commission for larger groups, and Cost containment features to reduce the cost of scheme are also available. This insurer has the finest facilities to discuss the policy in detail and in person through visual aid, at the premises of the interested companies/groups. The author of this article is vice president of EFU General Insurance Limited, Southern Zonal Office, Karachi